论平台内经营者数据的权利配置

On the Entitlement of Business Users’Data

大数据包括个人数据、公共数据、平台企业数据、平台内经营者数据。我国学界对于前三类数据的成果颇丰,但对平台内经营者数据这个数量最多、价值最高的数据类型却研究甚少。从事实角度来说,该类数据既无法由平台内经营者单独所有,也无法归平台内经营者与平台企业共同共有。从法律角度而言,该类数据既无法援用个人数据中的人格尊严保护原则,也无法适用平台企业数据的竞争法保护路径。较为合理的处理方法是将其视为平台内经营者与平台企业所签订的不完全契约中的新收益,适宜通过对平台企业施加透明度义务并且赋予平台内经营者启动再次谈判的方式进行权利配置。

Big data are comprised of personal data,public data,platform companies'data,and business users'data.At present the academia has delivered fruitful research on the first three types of data.However,little has been touched upon business users'data,such a data type of highest number and highest value.From the factual perspective,neither can this type of data be allocated solely to business users,nor can it be commonly shared by business users and platform companies.From the legal perspective,neither can this type of data be covered by human dignity under personal data protection,nor can it be fully protected under competition law as platform companies'data.A comparatively reasonable approach is to regard it as the new earnings under the incomplete contracts between business users and platform companies.It is better to impose transparent obligations on platform companies,and entitle business users the right to initiate re-negotiation.