论治安处罚证明标准——以125份裁判文书为分析样本

On the Standards for Proof of Public Security Punishments——The Perspective is to_Analysis 125 Judicial Documents as Samples

证明标准是治安处罚作出前首先要回答的问题,立法缺位在一定程度上导致实践中治安处罚证明标准模糊、冲突和混乱,引起事实认定争议、裁量权不当适用和执法公正质疑。通过对治安案件相关裁判文书进行实证考察,发现审判机关对治安处罚证明标准的选择较为多样,公安机关证明标准适用单一。针对治安案件的自身特点和单一证明标准的不足,建议根据处罚种类不同,选择二元证明标准,即对行政拘留、吊销许可证等,适用排除合理怀疑标准,对罚款、警告适用明显优势证据标准,同时通过设置例外规定、完善法律规范、运用自由心证等方式,保障二元证明标准有效地发挥实际效用。

The standards of proof is the primary consideration before imposing penalties of public security,insufficient legislation to some extent leads to vague,conflicting,and chaotic standards for proving public security penalties in practice,which in turn leads to disputes over factual determination,improper discretion,and questioning of law enforcement fairness.Through empirical analysis of a large number of relevant judicial documents,it is found that the judicial organs choose diverse proof standards,while the public security organs are relatively single proof standards.In response to the particularity of public security cases and the shortcomings of a single proof standard,it is recommended to choose a binary proof standard based on the different types of punishment,that is,to apply the exclusion of reasonable doubt standard for administrative detention and revocation of licenses,and to apply the obvious advantage evidence standard for fines and warnings,at the same time,by setting exception provisions,improving law and regulations,and using free evaluation methods,the effectiveness of the binary proof standard can be guaranteed.