从认知诗学看《冷斋夜话》禅诗修辞对《诗经》的格义

The Research of Zen Poem’s RhetoricInherited and Developed from Shi Jing in Leng Zhai Ye Hua in the Perspective ofCognitive Poetics

佛家既有出世也有入世,甚至以出世之心做入世之事,在中国化及世俗化过程中,受到过儒家等传统文化的影响,为方便说法而对《诗经》等有所格义,尤其是宋代的禅诗修辞等方面。以惠洪《冷斋夜话》为例,在认知诗学视角下,借鉴桐城姚鼐之法进行分类、鉴赏及考证,通过对禅林笔记中的禅诗修辞进行结构分析、情思体悟及格义探讨,可以发现:禅与诗关系密切,且佛家存在禅诗修辞,源自《诗经》格义而非古印度,具有自身特点及意义,综合“不立文字”与“不离文字”而成“不执文字”,在继承儒家对偶、新用、方言、用典、婉曲、夸张、比喻、反语等手法时,又融入禅语、禅理及禅悦而有所发展。希望对地方禅诗的研究及佛儒二家关系的探讨有所裨益。

Buddhism is both outside and inside the world,even entering the secular world with the beyond secular heart.In the process of sinicization and secularization,it has been influenced by traditional culture such as Confucianism.For the sake of convenience,there is rhetoric inherited and developed from Shi Jing,especially in Song Dynasty.Taking Huihong’s Leng Zhai Ye Hua as the object,in the perspective of Cognitive Poetics and using Yaonai’s methods of classification,appreciation and textual research,through the analysis of structure,meaning,inheritance and development,it could be found that Zen is closely related to poetry and Zen Poem’s rhetoric is from Shi Jing which has its own characteristic and significance.Synthesizing no and all,it forms non-attachment.After the inheritance of Confucianists’antithesis,new use,dialect,allusion,circumbendibus,exaggeration,metaphor,irony and so on,it integrates Zen as new development.It is hoped to be benefit to the research of the Local Zen Poetry and the relationship between Buddhism and Confucianism.