新型电力系统下大规模电动汽车接入对配电网的影响

Research on the Impact of Large-scale Electric Vehicle Integration on the Distribution Network Under the New Power System

随着人们对环保的重视,电动汽车逐渐进入人们的生产生活中。同时随着“双碳”目标及新型电力系统的发展,电动汽车作为交通电气化的重点内容得到规模化发展。但电动汽车充电具有需求和地点双随机的特点,大规模充电设施接入将对配电网产生不小的冲击。为清晰了解电动汽车接入电网的适应性,文章采用PSCAD构建电动汽车接入电网模型,对接入的节点电压、电能质量方面的影响进行仿真,并对负荷特性影响进行研究。研究表明电动汽车接入增加了电网负荷,使得电网电压有所降低,电动汽车负荷接入线路末端时,电压降低效果最明显;对电网电能质量的影响主要集中在谐波方面,其中5、7次谐波含量最高;大规模电动汽车接入电网后的无序充电会造成系统峰谷差增大,对电网的规划运行造成严重影响,成为新型电力系统规划需要考虑的重要内容。

With the increasing emphasis on environmental protection,electric vehicles are gradually entering people's production and life.At the same time,with the development of the"dual carbon"goal and the new power system,electric vehicles as a key component of transportation electrification have achieved large-scale development.However,electric vehicle charging has the characteristics of dual randomness in demand and location,and the large-scale integration of charging facilities will have a significant impact on the distribution network.To gain a clear understanding of the adaptability of electric vehicles connected to the power grid,this article uses PSCAD to construct a model of electric vehicles connected to the power grid,simulates the effects of connected node voltage and power quality,and studies the impact of load characteristics.Research has shown that the integration of electric vehicles increases the load on the power grid,leading to a decrease in grid voltage.When the load of electric vehicles is connected to the end of the line,the voltage reduction effect is most significant;The impact on the quality of power grid mainly focuses on harmonics,with the highest content of 5th and 7th harmonics;The disorderly charging of large-scale electric vehicles after being connected to the power grid will cause an increase in the peak valley difference of the system,seriously affecting the planning and operation of the power grid,and becoming an important consideration for the planning of new power systems.