城乡居民大病保险对农村相对贫困的缓解效应

The Alleviation Effect of Urban and Rural Residents’Serious Disease Insurance on Rural Relative Poverty

我国打赢脱贫攻坚战,消除了绝对贫困后,农村相对贫困人口依然存在,而大病保险在巩固脱贫攻坚成果方面有着不可替代的作用。文章采用CFPS2012—2020年的面板数据,使用FGLS法构建相对贫困脆弱性衡量农村相对贫困指标,运用多期双重差分模型研究大病保险对农村居民相对贫困的缓解作用,并从收入再分配效应、健康效应、经济补偿效应及资本积累效应方面进行作用机理检验。研究结果表明大病保险能缓解农村相对贫困,进一步研究发现大病保险对低收入及健康状况差的群体政策效果更好,且减少家庭灾难性医疗支出是大病保险缓解农村相对贫困的作用机理之一,由此可见大病保险存在正向收入再分配效应、健康效应和经济补偿效应。

After winning the battle against poverty and eliminating absolute poverty in 2020,the rural relative poverty still exists in China,and serious disease insurance has an irreplaceable role in consolidating the results of poverty eradication.The article uses panel data from CFPS 2012-2020,constructs relative pov⁃erty vulnerability measure rural relative poverty indicators using FGLS method,applies Staggered DID model to study the effect of major medical insurance on rural residents’relative poverty alleviation,and tests the mechanism of action in terms of income redistribution effect,health effect,economic compensation effect and capital accumulation effect.The results show that serious disease insurance can alleviate rural relative pover⁃ty,and further study finds that serious disease insurance has better policy effects on low-income and poor health groups,and reducing household catastrophic medical expenditures is one of the mechanisms of the ef⁃fect of serious disease insurance on alleviating rural relative poverty,which shows that serious disease insur⁃ance has positive income redistribution effect,health effect and economic compensation effect.