急性白血病化疗患者院外照顾需求影响因素及主成分分析

Influencing factors and principal component analysis of care needs outside hospital for acute leukemia patients with chemotherapy

目的分析急性白血病化疗患者院外照顾需求的影响因素及主成分。方法选取2021年1月—2022年12月在本院接受化疗的240例急性白血病患者作为研究对象,采用支持性照护需求量表将患者分为无需求组和未满足组。采用调查问卷收集患者相关资料;采用Logistic回归系数分析影响因素;采用主成分分析提取影响因素的主成分。结果240例患者均完成支持性照护需求量表评定,其中132例(55.00%)患者对健康信息有需求,121例(50.42%)患者对照顾与支持有需求,101例(42.08%)患者对心理有需求,86例(35.83%)患者对生理及日常生活有需求,31例(12.92%)患者对性支持有需求。2组患者性别、年龄、文化程度、家庭平均收入及付费方式比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者病程、活动方式及症候群合并情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素Logistic回归分析显示,性别、年龄、文化程度、付费方式、家庭平均收入、病程、活动方式及症候群合并情况是照顾需求的影响因素(P<0.05)。主成分分析共提取了付费方式、症候群合并情况及病程3个主成分,累积贡献率达63.556%。结论急性白血病患者对健康信息需求的占比最高,对性支持需求占比最低。付费方式、症候群合并情况及病程3个因素可对患者照顾需求产生较大影响。

Objective To analyze the influencing factors and principal components of care needs outside hospital for acute leukemia patients with chemotherapy.Methods A total of 240 acute leukemia patients with chemotherapy in authors′hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected as research objects,and the patients were divided into no demand group and unsatisfied group according to score of the Supportive Care Needs Questionnaire.The survey questionnaire was used to collect the related materials of patients;the influencing factors were analyzed by Logistic regression coefficient;the principal component analysis(PCA)was used to extract the principal components of influencing factors.Results A total of 240 patients completed the Supportive Care Needs Questionnaire assessment,of which 132 cases(55.00%)had a need for health information,121 cases(50.42%)had a need for care and support,101 cases(42.08%)had a need for psychology,86 cases(35.83%)had a need for physiology and daily life,and 31 cases(12.92%)had a need for sexual support.There were significant differences in gender,age,educational level,average household income and payment method between the two groups(P<0.05);there were significant differences in the course of disease,patterns of activity and comorbidity of symptoms between the two groups(P<0.05).Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender,age,education level,payment method,average household income,course of disease,patterns of activity and comorbidity of symptoms were the influencing factors of care needs(P<0.05).Principal component analysis extracted three principal components:payment method,syndrome merging status,anddisease course,with a cumulative contribution rate of 63.556%.Conclusion Acute leukemia patients have the highest proportion of health information needs and the lowest proportion of sexual support needs.Payment methods,comorbidity of symptoms and the course of disease show significant impacts on the care needs of patients.