“‘五四’妇女史观”与真切阅读感受的博弈——范烟桥《销魂词选》考论

Wavering Between the"May 4th'Historical View of Women"and Actual Feelings of Reading--On Fan Yanqiao's Collection of Xiaohun Ci

范烟桥《销魂词选》成编于1933年5月,是晚清民国时期涌现出来的十余部女性词选中最有特色的佳构。该书由毕振达《销魂词》删、增、改编而成,而毕编又系对徐乃昌所编《小檀栾室汇刻闺秀词》和《闺秀词钞》的再选。《销魂词选》虽受视女性在传统社会饱受父权压迫、摧残的“‘五四’妇女史观”影响,但这更像标签,评点词作的真切阅读感受使范烟桥洞察到:诗词创作为处于儒家性别规范中的女性,提供了宣泄情感、表达思想、记录日常生活、拓展生存空间和交际网络等的工具或途径;作为全书主体的词作及评点、弁言等充分呈现了女性的主体性和能动性,以及才情之卓绝与社交、精神生活之丰富。范烟桥基本摆脱男性中心偏见,对女性词的特质亦有表彰。其评点善于从多个角度着眼,不拘一格,随意生发,往往一言半语就能揭示妙处。

Fan Yanqiao's Collection of Xiaohun Ci,compiled in May 1933,is the most distinctive one among the more than ten female Ci collections in the late Qing and republican China.The collection was edited,appended and revised from Bi Zhenda's Xiaohun Ci,which was a re-selection of Xu Naichang's Collection of Gentry Women's Ci by Xiaotanluanshi and Gentry Women's Ci.Though influenced by the"May 4th"Historical View of Women,"which treats women as powerless victims of the oppressive patriarchal system in the traditional China,the collection is more like a label,and Fan Yanqiao gained insights from the actual feelings after reading the comments of these Ci works:poetry writing provides a vehicle or mode for women under the gender norm of Confucianism to convey their emotions,articulate their voices,record their daily lives,expand their living spaces and social networks.As the principal part of the collection,the Ci works,comments and prefaces together comprehensively demonstrate the subjectivity,agency,excellence of talent and spiritual life of the female poets.Fan Yanqiao fundamentally eliminated the male-centered prejudice and praised the characteristics of female Ci works.With multiple perspectives,the comments are not stick to one pattern,but express at will,and always reveal the highlights in few words.