数字时代背景下刑事取证制度的困境与回应

The Dilemma and Response of the Criminal Evidence Collection System in the Context of the Digital Age

在数字时代背景下,犯罪人、犯罪行为与犯罪空间等都显现出与工业化时代明显不同的特点。以传统物理空间发生的国内犯罪为基本原型的传统刑事取证制度,难以有效回应网络空间取证、跨境犯罪侦查取证等新问题,在侦查人员专业能力、取证时间和取证空间等方面都面临着严峻的挑战。刑事取证制度在整体框架进行优化调整的同时,也逐渐推进从法定侦查人员取证到专业人员参与取证、从传统侦查取证到向网络服务者取证、从一般取证措施到快速取证措施、从国内取证程序到境外取证程序等多重变革。数字时代刑事取证制度的进一步完善和发展,还需要关注和回应取证行为启动明确化、取证措施体系化、取证程序精细化和取证制度协同化等新课题.

In the context of digital age,the characteristics of offenders,criminal behaviors and criminal spaces are obviously different from those of the industrial era.The traditional criminal evidence collection system,which is based on domestic crimes occurring in traditional physical space,is difficult to effectively respond to new problems such as cyberspace evidence collection and cross-border crime in-vestigation and evidence collection,and faces severe challenges in terms of investigators'professional a-bility,evidence collection time and evidence collection space.In order to optimize and adjust the overall framework of the criminal evidence collection system,it has also gradually promoted multiple changes from statutory investigators to professional participation in evidence collection,from traditional investiga-tion and evidence collection to evidence collection from network service providers,from general evidence collection measures to rapid evidence collection measures,and from domestic evidence collection proce-dures to overseas evidence collection procedures.To further improve and develop the criminal evidence collection system in the digital era,it is also necessary to pay attention to and respond to new topics such as the clarification of evidence collection(behavior),the systematization of evidence collection measures,the refinement of evidence collection procedures,and the coordination of evidence collection systems.