民法典视域下的违约利润剥夺责任——以《合同编通则解释》第62条为中心

Liability for Deprivation of Profits for Breach of Contract from the Perspective of the Civil Code-Focusing on Article 62 of the Interpretation of the General Principles of Contracts Compilation

《民法典》并未规定违约利润剥夺责任,《合同编通则解释》第62条虽有所涉及,但仅笼统规定将违约方所获利益作为可得利益的计算标准,其具体的适用性仍显不足。在解释论上,应当以该条为基础明确违约利润剥夺责任的体系定位。违约利润剥夺责任具有惩罚、预防和安抚功能,在适用上具有补充性与可选择性,是违约责任体系的有益补充。违约利润剥夺责任的适用范围应当限定为违反特定不作为义务合同与营业性违约两种情形,以过错推定为归责原则,其构成要件包括违约方是否获得利益、违约方的主观状态、违约方获得的利益与违约行为之间的因果关系以及可得利益赔偿是否充分,计算利润范围时应从积极利润与消极利润两方面提炼利润计算范式。

The Civil Code does not stipulate liability for deprivation of profits due to breach of con-tract.Although Article 62 of the Interpretation of the General Principles of Contract is involved,it only provides in general terms that the benefits obtained by the breaching party shall be taken as the criterion for calculating the benefits obtained,and its specific applicability is still insufficient.In terms of inter-pretation,this article should be used as the basis to clarify the systematic positioning of the liability for deprivation of profits for breach of contract.The liability for deprivation of profits for breach of contract has the functions of punishment,prevention and appeasement,and is complementary and selective in application,which is a useful supplement to the liability system for breach of contract.The scope of ap-plication of the liability for deprivation of profits for breach of contract shall be limited to the breach of a contract of specific omission obligation and the breach of contract for commercial purposes,with the prin-ciple of presumption of fault as the principle of imputation,and its constituent elements include whether the breaching party has obtained benefits,the subjective state of the breaching party,the causal rela-tionship between the benefits obtained by the breaching party and the breach of contract,and whether the compensation for the obtainable benefits is sufficient,the profit calculation paradigm should be refined from the positive profit and negative profit when calculating the profit range.