中国比较文学的滥觞及其方法论意义

The Origins of Chinese Comparative Literature and Their Methodological Significance

作为学科的中国比较文学固然是受欧美比较文学的影响而产生,而作为研究的中国比较文学却有着不同于欧美比较文学的发生与特征,两者的最大差别在于“跨文化”这一要素,这一点在华夏文明融通递嬗的进程之中便可见端倪。佛教的传入及其已经完成的中国化极大地改变了中国文化的发展进程,佛经翻译和从中诞生的“格义”之法是中国古代比较文学的重要阶段。基督教的传入及其中国化到今日仍然还在进行之中,却也发展出了名为“况义”的异质文化交流之道,“格义”“况义”已经成为中国比较文学之原理研究和方法论建构的宝贵资源。

This article will sort out the comparative literary traditions that emerged in ancient Chinese society.As a discipline,Chinese comparative literature is undoubtedly influenced by European and American comparative literature,but asa major study paradigm,Chinese comparative literature has a different occurrence and characteristics from European and American comparative literature.The biggest difference between the two lies in the element of"cross-cultural",which can be seen in the process of the integration and evolution of Chinese literature.The introduction of Buddhism and its completed sinicization have greatly changed the development process of Chinese culture.The translation of Buddhist scriptures and the emergence of the Geyi("格义")method from them are important stages of comparative literature in ancient China.The introduction and sinicization of Christianity are still ongoing to this day,but it has also developed a heterogeneous cultural exchange paradigm called the Kuangyi("况义")method.Geyi and Kuangyi have become valuable resources for the theoretical research and methodological construction of Chinese comparative literature.