绵羊骨形态发生蛋白受体-1B基因研究进展

Research Progress on Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type-1B Gene in Sheep

绵羊繁殖性能在绵羊产业中有着重要意义,除通过一些技术手段(如同期发情、人工授精、超数排卵等)之外,在目前已知的关于能够提高绵羊繁殖力的16个基因共20个突变体当中,以骨形态发生蛋白受体-1B(bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B,BMPR-1B)基因对绵羊繁殖力的影响最大。BMPR-1B基因是世界上第一个被发现的多羔主效基因,其编码区的A746G突变导致蛋白质序列中第249位的谷氨酰胺被置换为精氨酸(Q249R),最终能够引起绵羊排卵数和产羔数增加。作者介绍了绵羊多羔主效基因BMPR-1B及其突变体FecB(A746G)的发现与结构,简述了该基因分子方面的作用机理,对BMP/Smad信号通路的调控以及与绵羊繁殖之间的联系,并简单分析了FecB突变后对绵羊卵巢、卵泡等组织细胞功能,激素调节和相关基因表达的影响。进一步加深对BMPR-1B基因的了解,为研究人员探明该基因诱使绵羊等动物提高产羔数的调控机制,相关配体、调控因子和上下游信号蛋白的影响以及加快哺乳动物高效育种繁殖、扩大种群规模和多胎品系的建立,增加养殖人员的经济收入等提供一些参考和帮助。

Sheep reproductive performance holds significant importance in the sheep industry.In addition to various technical methods such as periodic estrus,artificial insemination,and superovulation,among the 20 mutations of 16 genes known to enhance sheep reproductive performance,the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B(BMPR-1B)gene exhibits the most profound impact.BMPR-1 B gene stands as the pioneering major lambing gene discovered worldwide.The A746G mutation within the coding region of BMPR-1 B gene leads to arginine substitution for glutamine at position 249 in the protein sequence(Q249R),ultimately resulting in increased ovulations and lambs.This paper presents an introduction to the discovery and structure of BMPR-1 B gene along with its mutant FecB(A746G).It briefly elucidates on the molecular mechanism of this gene,regulation of BMP/Smad signaling pathway,relationship between sheep reproduction,and provides a concise analysis on how FecB mutation affects ovarian function,follicles,other tissues,hormone regulation and related gene expression in sheep.Further comprehension of BMPR-1 B gene will offer valuable insights for researchers exploring regulatory mechanisms inducing increased lambing numbers in sheep and other animals through manipulation of related ligands,regulatory factors as well as upstream and downstream signal proteins.Additionally it can accelerate efficient breeding and reproduction processes among mammals by expanding population size through establishment of multiple litter strains thereby increasing farmers’economic income.