牛球虫体外培养研究进展

Progress on in vitro Culture of Bovine Coccidia

牛球虫病(bovine coccidiosis)是由一种或多种艾美耳属球虫引起的具有高度致病性的寄生性原虫病,流行范围广泛,可导致患牛出现营养吸收不良、发育迟缓、水样或血样腹泻等症状,甚至引起死亡,严重危害养牛业的发展。目前主要通过药物预防对牛球虫病进行防控,但随着耐药虫株的出现以及人们对于兽药残留问题的关注,抗球虫新药的研发刻不容缓。体外培养作为实验动物研究的替代方案,可以人工模拟牛球虫自然宿主的体内环境和条件,且成本相对较低,对于研究球虫的入侵机制、球虫与宿主的相互作用以及抗球虫药物的药效评价具有重要意义。在已建立的体外培养体系中,牛球虫可以完成从子孢子到卵囊的部分或全部内生性发育过程,这为研究虫体的生命周期阶段和新的防治策略开辟了新的途径。笔者通过查阅国内外牛球虫体外培养的相关资料,对球虫子孢子的分离和纯化、原代细胞及细胞系培养、体外培养条件和影响因素以及体外培养的应用方面进行了详细阐述,以期为牛球虫的安全有效疫苗和防治药物的研发提供参考。

Bovine coccidiosis is a highly pathogenic parasitic protozoan disease caused by one or more species of Eimeria,with a wide range of epidemiological scope,which can lead to malabsorption of nutrients,developmental delays,watery or bloody diarrhoea and other symptoms,and even cause death,which seriously harms the development of the cattle industry.Currently,bovine coccidiosis is mainly prevented and controlled through drug prevention,but with the emergence of drug-resistant strains of worms and the concern about veterinary drug residues,the research and development of new anticoccidial drugs is urgent.As an alternative to experimental animal research,in vitro culture can artificially simulate the in vivo environment and conditions of the natural host of bovine coccidia at relatively low cost,which is of great significance for the study of the invasion mechanism of coccidia,the interaction between coccidia and the host,as well as the evaluation of the efficacy of anti-coccidial drugs.In the established in vitro culture system,bovine coccidia can complete part or all of the endogenous development process from ascospores to oocysts,which opens up new ways to study the life cycle stages of the worm and new control strategies.By reviewing the relevant data on in vitro culture of bovine coccidia at home and abroad,the author elaborated on the isolation and purification of coccidian ascospores,primary cell and cell line culture,in vitro culture conditions and influencing factors,and the application aspects of in vitro culture,with a view to providing a reference for the research and development of a safe and effective vaccine and preventive drug for bovine coccidia.