轨道交通装备制造业创新组织演进机理研究

Research on the Evolution Mechanism of Innovation Organizationin Rail Transit Equipment Manufacturing Industry

本文以中国轨道交通装备制造业为案例,基于“组合赋能-创新组织演进-创新模式升级-创新能力提升-产业技术进步”分析框架,探究制造业创新组织演进及其影响。结果表明:①创新组织演进经历了创新系统、创新生态系统和创新联合体依次递进的3个阶段;②与创新组织演进同步,创新模式实现了从合作创新到协同创新再到融通创新的升级;③伴随着创新组织演进和创新模式升级,技术创新能力发展经历了技术吸收能力、技术改造能力、集成创新能力和数字化创新能力4个阶段,同时制造能力发展经历了从基础制造能力、国产化能力、整机制造能力到智能制造能力的逐级跃升;④产业依托创新系统完成了技术“跟跑”,依托创新生态系统实现了技术“并跑”,依托创新联合体则取得了技术“领跑”;⑤创新组织演进是“有为政府”和“有效市场”组合赋能的结果。轨道交通装备制造业创新组织演进机理研究既能丰富产学研融合创新理论体系,也为其他高端制造业突破关键核心技术国际封锁提供理论启示。

Taking China's rail transit equipment manufacturing industry as a case,based on the analytical framework of‘portfolio empowerment-innovation organization evolution-innovation model upgrading-innovation capability improvement-industrial technological progress’,this paper explores the evolution of manufacturing innovation organization and its impact.It shows the followings.①The evolution of innovation organization has experienced three stages of innovation system,innovation ecosystem and innovation consortium.②Synchronized with the evolution of innovation organization,the innovation mode upgrades from cooperative innovation to collaborative innovation and then to integrative innovation.③With the evolution of innovation organization and the upgrading of innovation mode,the development of technological innovation ability has gone through four stages including technological absorption ability,technological transformation ability,integrated innovation ability and digital innovation ability.At the same time,the development of manufacturing ability has also experienced a gradual leap from basic manufacturing ability,localization ability,whole machine manufacturing ability to intelligent manufacturing ability.④Relying on the innovation system,the industry has completed the technology“following”,relying on the innovation ecosystem to achieve the technology“running together”,and relying on the innovation consortium to achieve the technology“leading”⑤Each evolution of innovative organizations is the result of the combination of“promising government”and“effective market”.The research on the evolution mechanism of innovation organization in rail transit equipment manufacturing industry can not only enrich the theoretical system of industry-university-research integration innovation,but also provide theoretical enlightenment for other high-end manufacturing industries to break through the international blockade of key core technologies.