稀有人参皂苷的应用基础与开发利用研究进展

Research progress on development and utilization of minor ginsenosides

稀有人参皂苷是一类天然含量稀少、生物利用度较高、生物学活性较突出的次生皂苷,其获得途径通常是由人参属植物中直接提取的原型皂苷经生物学或化学方法转化得到,近来年还出现了利用代谢工程与合成生物学技术创建的微生物细胞工厂合成的途径。稀有人参皂苷因其在提高机体免疫功能、抗肿瘤等方面的显著生物活性而受到广泛关注。目前关于稀有人参皂苷综述多数集中在转化制备、工艺优化及药理活性等方面,而在产业化分析方面有所不足。该文结合国内外相关文献整理总结了目前常见稀有人参皂苷的结构类型、药理活性、获取来源以及转化途径,并概括了目前已有稀有人参皂苷制备过程中存在的问题,讨论了未来的研究与利用展望,以期为提升稀有人参皂苷的基础研究水平,并促进其产业化发展提供理论依据。

Minor ginsenosides are a class of processed saponins with minor natural content,high bioavailability,and outstanding bio-logical activity,which are usually obtained by biological or chemical transformation of prototype saponins directly extracted from Panax plants.In recent years,with the clarification of the biosynthetic pathway of saponins and the development of synthetic biology,it has become possible to use synthetic metabolic engineering methods with microorganisms as hosts to produce saponins.Minor ginsenosides have received widespread attention because of their remarkable biological activities in enhancing the immune function of the body and antitumor property.At present,most of the reviews on minor ginsenosides focus on transformation preparation,process optimization,and pharmacological activity,but there are some deficiencies in industrial analysis.This study summarized structural types,pharmacological activities,sources of acquisition,and transformation pathways of minor ginsenosides based on the relevant literature in China and abroad,proposed problems in the preparation of existing minor ginsenosides,and discussed the future research and utilization prospects,to provide a theoretical basis for improving the basic research of minor ginsenosides and promoting their industrialization.