地铁车辆牵引电机轴承故障分析及改善措施

Analysis of bearing faults in metro vehicle traction motors and improvement measures

文章旨在解决广州地铁2号线A4型车的牵引电机轴承频繁故障问题。通过现场调查和实验测试,详细分析轴承现状、失效模式和损伤类别,发现轴承故障主要由径向力、电蚀、电火花放电和轴向力引起的疲劳失效模式导致。为解决这些问题,研究提出一系列解决措施。首先,建议采用新材料改善轴承质量和可靠性。其次,需要改进电腐蚀问题以减少电蚀和电火花放电对轴承的损害。最后,通过轴电压测试结果确定适当的轴向力范围,以避免过大的轴向力对轴承造成疲劳失效。实验结果表明,引入驱动端陶瓷轴承和接地环配套组合的改进方案成功解决A4型车轴承频繁故障问题,且方案实施效果显著。同时将该方案引入广州地铁2号线、广佛线后,运营4年期间未再出现轴承烧损问题。该研究具有一定的理论和实践价值,不仅为类似问题的解决提供有益的借鉴,还有效提高轨道交通列车的可靠性和运行效率,为乘客提供更安全、舒适的出行体验。

This article addresses the recurrent traction motor bearing faults in the A4 type trains of Guangzhou metro line 2.Through on-site investigations and experimental tests,detailed analyses were conducted on the bearing condition,fault modes,and types of damage.The findings revealed that the bearing faults were primarily caused by fatigue failure modes induced by radial forces,electrical erosion,electrical discharge sparks,and axial forces.To remedy these issues,a series of solutions were proposed.Firstly,the use of new materials to enhance the quality and reliability of the bearings is recommended.Secondly,improvements are suggested to mitigate electrical corrosion,reducing the damage caused by electrical erosion and discharge sparks on the bearings.Finally,determining an appropriate range of axial forces through shaft voltage testing can prevent excessive axial forces leading to fatigue failure of the bearings.The implementation of a combination of ceramic bearings on the drive end and grounding rings successfully resolved the frequent bearing fault issues in A4-type trains,proving highly effective.Subsequently,after introducing the modified project into the Guangzhou metro line 2 and Guangfo line,the bearing burnout problem did not recur during 4 years of operations.This research holds theoretical and practical value by providing a useful reference for addressing similar issues and enhancing the reliability and operational efficiency of rail transit trains,thereby ensuring a safer and more comfortable travel experience for passengers.