绝经年龄影响因素研究进展

Research progress on factors influencin age at menopause

绝经是卵巢储备耗竭的表现.绝经年龄提前提示了女性生殖寿命缩短,生育机会降低,影响出生人口数量;同时伴随性激素水平的改变,增加心血管疾病、骨质疏松、神经退行性变及肿瘤等疾病的发生风险,严重影响女性身心健康和生活质量.如何延缓卵巢衰老,进而保持和提高生育力已成为生殖医学研究的热点问题.全面认识绝经年龄的影响因素,对于实现女性生育力保护,尤其是对早绝经高风险女性的早期干预和综合管理具有重要意义.本文将系统综述遗传、营养代谢、环境暴露等绝经年龄相关因素,为女性生殖健康管理提供科学依据.

Menopause is a manifestation of ovarian reserve depletion.Early onset of menopause indicates a shorter reproductive lifespan for women,reduces fertility opportunities,and affects the overall population size.In addition,it is associated with changes in hormone levels and increased risks of cardiovascular diseases,osteoporosis,neurodegenerative disorders,and tumors,which seriously impact the physical and mental health as well as the quality of life of women.Delaying ovarian aging and preserving ovarian reserve have become hot topics in the studies of reproductive medicine.A comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing age at menopause is of great significance for early intervention and management of female infertility,especially for those with high-risk of early menopause.In this paper,we will systematically review the factors related to menopausal age,including genetics,metabolic diseases,iatrogenic factors and environmental exposures,aiming to provide scientific basis for the management of female reproductive health.