无机金属纳米材料在生物成像和光热治疗中的研究进展

Research progress of inorganic metal nanomaterials in biological imaging and photothermal therapy

光热治疗(photothermal therapy, PTT)具有无创性、选择性高以及毒副作用低等优点,是生物医学领域重要的肿瘤治疗方法. PTT的关键在于找到良好的光热转化剂.金属基纳米材料由于较高的光热转化效率和可调控的表面结构,在该疗法中表现出巨大潜力.同时,某些金属基纳米材料还可作为造影剂用于生物成像,对肿瘤进行诊断和监测,指导PTT对肿瘤进行精确热消融,实现肿瘤的诊疗一体化.本文阐述了无机金属基纳米材料在生物成像中的应用,归纳了金基、铋基和过渡金属基纳米光热转化剂的研究现状,分析了PTT在临床转化中存在的问题和解决策略.最后,对金属基纳米材料在生物成像和光热治疗中的未来发展进行了展望.

Photothermal therapy(PTT)has the advantages of being non-invasive,having high selectivity and low side effects.It is an important tumor treatment method in the biomedical field.The key to PTT is to find a good photothermal conversion agent.Metal-based nanomaterials show great potential in this therapy due to their high photothermal conversion efficiency and controllable surface structure.Meanwhile,certain metal-based nanomaterials can also be used as contrast agents for biological imaging,diagnosis and monitoring of tumors,guiding PTT to perform precise thermal ablation of tumors,and achieving the integration of diagnosis and treatment of tumors.This article elaborates on the application of metal-based nanomaterials in biological imaging,summarizes the research status of gold-based,bismuth-based,and transition metal-based photothermal conversion agents,and analyzes the problems and solutions of PTT in clinical conversion.Finally,prospects and challenges are proposed for the future development of metal-based nanomaterials in biological imaging and photothermal therapy.