大黄堡湿地缓冲区池塘浮游植物多样性及水质生态评价

Assessment of plankton biodiversity and aquatic ecology of ponds in the buffer zone of Dahuangpu wetland

【目的】为了解大黄堡湿地缓冲区池塘浮游植物群落结构及与环境因子的相关性,并对其生态环境进行评价,为大黄堡湿地池塘水环境保护、修复及合理运用提供参考,【方法】于2021-09-15至2021-10-15和2022-05-15至2022-08-30在缓冲区池塘,采集浮游植物样品和水样,鉴定浮游植物种类、测定水质理化指标,分析浮游植物丰度与环境因子间的相关性。【结果】结果显示:监测期间,共鉴定浮游植物7门116种(属),主要以绿藻门为主,占其总数的39.70%;浮游植物平均丰度为12.63×108ind./L,以蓝藻门为主,占总丰度的76.83%;常见优势种为颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)、席藻(Phormidium sp.)、小球藻(Chlorella sp.)和蹄形藻(Krichneriella sp.)等;浮游植物群落多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J)和丰富度指数(D)平均值分别为1.72、0.36、1.39,湿地池塘水体处于中污染水平。浮游植物优势种丰度变化与水体pH、氧化还原电位、总氮和悬浮物有显著相关性(P<0.05)。【结论】大黄堡湿地缓冲区池塘水质总体为Ⅴ类水,浮游植物以蓝藻门种类为主,总体呈极富营养水平,应及时控制该池塘氮、磷等化合物的污染,达到对蓝藻的防治,避免水华的发生。

[Objective]In order to provide reference for the water environment protection,restoration and rational use of the Dahuangpu wetland ponds,this study investigated the buffer zone ponds of the Dahuangpu wetland phytoplankton community characteristics and the relationship between environmental factors,and evaluated its ecological environment.[Methods]Phytoplankton samples and water samples were collected from September 15,2021 to October 15,2021 and May 15 to August 30,2022 in the buffer zone pond,to identify phytoplankton species,measure physicochemical indexes,and analysis of the correlation between phytoplankton abundance and environmental factors.[Results]During the monitoring period,a total of 116 species belonging to 7 phyla were identified,mainly Chlorophyla,accounting for 39.70%of the total.The average abundance of phytoplankton was 12.63×108 ind./L,and the abundance was dominated by Cyanophyta,accounting for 76.83%of the total.Common dominant species were Oscillatoria sp.,Phormidium sp.,Chlorella sp.and Krichneriella sp..The average values of phytoplankton diversity index(H′),evenness index(J)and richness index(D)were 1.72,0.36 and 1.39,respectively.The investigated wetland pond water body was at a moderate pollution level.The pH,redox potential,total nitrogen and suspended matter of water body had great influence on the changes of phytoplankton community structure(P<0.05).[Conclusion]The overall water quality of the pond in the buffer zone of the Dahuangpu wetland is class V.The phytoplankton is dominated by Cyanobacterial species and is generally at an extremely eutrophic level.Pollution of this pond with nitrogen and phosphorus compounds should be controlled in time to achieve control of Cyanobacteria and avoid the occurrence of algal blooms.