在线诉讼背景下的实际联系原则检讨

Review of the Principle of Substantial Connection in the Context of Online Litigation

在协议管辖制度中,实际联系原则对双方当事人选择管辖法院建立约束,这一原则实现了平衡双方当事人的诉讼负担与能力、便利法院审理、平衡法院间审理案件量等功能。而随着在线诉讼的发展与普及,案件事实、当事人与受理法院之间的物理联系被弱化,协议管辖制度中的实际联系原则逐渐失去适用空间,其作用逐渐减小。通过解构在线诉讼背景下的实际联系原则,在摒弃实际联系原则的基础上,利用以意思自治为核心的协议管辖制度,能够为构建在线诉讼背景下的管辖制度提供一种新的参考路径。

In the system of jurisdictional agreements,the principle of substantial connection imposes constraints on the choice of the court by the parties involved.This principle aims to achieve a balance between the litigation burden and capability of the parties,facilitate court proceedings,and ensure a balanced workload among courts.However,with the development and widespread adoption of online litigation,the physical connection between case facts,parties,and the court accepting the case has been weakened.As a result,the principle of substantial connection in the jurisdictional agreement system has lost its applicability,and its effectiveness has gradually diminished.This paper attempts to deconstruct the principle of practical connection in the context of online litigation,and provides a new reference path for constructing the jurisdiction system in the context of online litigation by utilizing a jurisdiction agreement system centered around party autonomy on the basis of abandoning the principle of practical connection.