“认识实践”视域中的历史社会科学质性方法论

Understanding the Social Science Historical Qualitative Methods from the Practical Perspective

本文通过“认识实践”的视角分析历史社会科学的主要质性方法论流派,勾画出它们的内在学理联系、彼此的观点分歧与共同的思维局限。这些流派包括:“实证统计”“比较历史分析”“批判实在论”“建构主义”“扎根理论”“反身性分析”。“认识实践”的视域关注研究者如何理解自身的研究经历,揭示出他们在方法言说之外的实践历程。通过与方法论的标准维度展开比较,该视域映照出不同流派的优势与局限,新的方法谱系由此被建立起来。在新的谱系中,对实践者“主体性”的自觉分析乃是构建新的历史社会科学方法论的可能方向。“认识实践”视域由此赋予“方法”以新的意涵。

This article sheds new lights on the study of social science historical method by using the analytical vision from the“practice turn”emerging from the social science field.It portrays a new genealogy for various scholarships prevailing in the social science history research,including the statistics approach,comparative historical analysis,critical realism,constructivism,grounded theory and reflexivitive perspective.The“practice”vision guides scholars to rethink the unfolding processes through which they collectively imagine research objects,engaged community of inquiry and intersubjective interaction with other researchers.This descriptive vision of methodology goes beyond the nomative understanding of the standards and rules for social science research,paving a new way for the investigation on social science history methods.