探寻历史政治学的过程追踪之道

Exploring the Process Tracing Method of Historical Politics

实现中国社会科学知识主体性和把握中国治理现实,需要重视历史。历史政治学的提出回应了中国政治学学科发展的内在要求,并与推进国家治理现代化的现实需要相适应。不同于历史社会学和政治史研究,历史政治学既能发掘一般性理论,又尊重历史的时间与情境。然而,尽管历史政治学一直尝试发掘时间性因果机制和重大现实问题的历史渊源,但历史政治学在当前研究中却呈现出时间性因果机制缺位的问题。该问题进一步导致历史政治学知识累积的进度与理想状态存在距离。因此,基于过程追踪方法在历史政治学研究中贡献知识增量、转化知识存量和追溯重大现实问题历史渊源方面的价值,本文提出将过程追踪法带入历史政治学研究中。同时,本文对于方法论的探索并未仅停留于价值的探讨,而是围绕“情境”“时间”“行动者”三要素,探寻体现历史政治学本体论和认识论关怀的过程追踪之道,进而推动历史政治学方法论的完善。

To realize the subjectivity of China’s social science knowledge and grasp the reality of China’s governance,we need to pay attention to history.The proposition of historical politics responds to the inherent requirements of the development of political science in China and adapts to the realistic needs of promoting the modernization of state governance.Different from historical sociology research and political history research,historical politics can not only explore general theories,but also respect historical time and situation.However,although historical politics has been trying to explore the temporal causal mechanism and historical origin of major practical problems,it has shown the problem of the absence of temporal causal mechanism in current research.This problem further leads to the distance between the progress of knowledge accumulation of historical politics and the ideal state.Therefore,based on the value of process tracing method in contributing knowledge increment,transforming knowledge stock and tracing the historical origin of major practical problems,this paper proposes to bring process tracing method into the study of historical politics.At the same time,the exploration of methodology in this paper focuses on the three elements of“situation”,“time”and“actor”to explore the way of process tracking that embodies the ontological and epistemological concern of historical politics,and then promotes the perfection of methodology of historical politics.