皮肤类器官构建策略的研究进展

Construction strategies of skin organoids:a review

严重创伤致大面积皮肤缺损发生率高、危害大、治疗困难、预后较差,不仅严重影响患者生活质量,甚至威胁其生命,是临床常见难题。大面积皮肤缺损难以自愈,主要采用皮肤移植等方法进行治疗。自体皮瓣移植来源有限,会对患者造成二次损伤;人工皮肤机械完整性差、无法整合,会形成瘢痕,同时也有免疫排斥的风险。皮肤类器官技术能够高度模拟人体皮肤组织及功能,在一定程度上可以弥补目前创面治疗上的不足,为大面积皮肤缺损患者的治疗提供新方法。目前,皮肤类器官的构建方法相对较为成熟,但现有皮肤类器官的结构和功能相对较为单一,与真实的人体皮肤相比还有较大差距,每种构建方法各有利弊,具体哪种构建方法最佳尚无定论。因此,笔者从类器官与皮肤类器官技术及皮肤类器官的构建方法两方面对皮肤类器官构建策略的研究进展进行综述,为构建结构及功能更为复杂的皮肤类器官提供参考。

Large skin defect caused by severe trauma is a common clinical problem with high incidence,great harm,difficult treatment and poor prognosis,which not only seriously affects the quality of patients′life,but also threatens their lives.Large skin defects are difficult to heal by themselves and the main treatment is skin transplantation.However,the source of the autologous flap is limited and may cause secondary damage to patients.The artificial skin has poor mechanical integrity that cannot be integrated,causing formation of scars,and also has the risk of immune rejection.Skin organoid technology can extremely simulate the human skin tissue and its functions.Thus,it can overcome the shortcomings of the current skin wound treatment to a certain extent and provide a new treatment for the patients with large skin defects.At present,the construction methods of skin organoids are relatively mature,but each method has its advantages and disadvantages,and the best method has not been determined yet.Moreover,the structure and function of skin organoids are relatively simple,so there is still a relatively big gap between skin organoids and real human skin.Hence,the authors reviewed the research progress in skin organoid construction strategies from organoids′skin organoid technology,and construction methods of skin organoids,hoping to provide a reference for the construction of skin organoids with more complex structures and functions in the future.