水产动物类胡萝卜素的吸收、代谢和沉积机制研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism of carotenoid absorption,metabolism and deposition in animals in aquature:a review

类胡萝卜素是自然界普遍存在的天然色素,对水产动物生长、发育、免疫和体色具有重要作用。水产动物类胡萝卜素的吸收、代谢和沉积能力是遗传改良的重要靶点,对其性状提升具有重要作用。本文综述了水产动物主要类胡萝卜素种类、吸收和代谢分子机制,着重介绍了B类清道夫受体(SR-B1)、决定簇36(CD36)、β-胡萝卜素加氧酶1(BCO1)、β-胡萝卜素加氧酶2(BCO2)及细胞色素酶450(P450)家族的CYP2J19和CYP3A80在类胡萝卜素转运和转化中的作用,分析了类胡萝卜素酮化的可能机制和主要类胡萝卜素结合蛋白的特性。针对目前研究中存在的问题,提出通过基因-表型关联分析揭示遗传基础、多组学联合分析筛选鉴定新酮化酶基因、单细胞转录组解析类胡萝卜素沉积过程及筛选与构建体色遗传材料等未来重点研究方向,以期为水产动物类胡萝卜素吸收、代谢和沉积机制的研究提供科学参考。

Carotenoids are natural pigments commonly found in nature and play an important role in the growth,development,immunity,and body color of animals in aquaculture.The absorption,metabolism,and deposition ability of carotenoids animals in aquaculture is a key target for genetic improvement,which plays an important role in improving their traits.The main types,absorption,and metabolic molecular mechanisms of carotenoids is reviewed tin animals in aquaculture,with a focus on the function analysis of SR-B1,CD36,BCO1,BCO2,CYP2J19 and CYP3A80.The possible mechanisms of carotenoid ketosis and the characteristics of major carotenoid binding proteins are analyzed.Four research aspects are proposed to provide scientific reference for future research on the absorption,metabolism and deposition mechanism,including gene phenotype association analysis to reveal genetic basis,multiomics conjoint analysis to screen and identify new ketolase genes,single-cell RNA(ScRNA)sequencing to analyze carotenoid deposition process,and screening and construction of body color genetic strains.