带壳类水产品的壳肉分离技术研究进展

Research progress on shell-meat separation technology of shelled aquatic products:a review

随着带壳类水产品产量的逐年增加,传统销售和手工加工模式(鲜售、醉渍和手工去壳等)已经不能缓解市场供过于求的矛盾。对带壳类水产品进行自动化深加工既可以提升带壳类水产品的加工效率,确保食品安全,又能保证劳动者的身体健康,从而促进中国水产品加工业的高质量发展。壳肉分离技术是带壳类水产品深加工的前提,对促进带壳类水产品深加工设备的发展具有重要意义。带壳类水产品的壳肉分离技术主要分为预处理和去壳两类技术,本文综述了加热/冷却预处理、酶预处理、超高压预处理及联合法预处理等几种预处理技术,以及切割法、挤压法、离心法和高压水喷射法等几种去壳技术的研究进展。针对带壳类水产品壳肉分离过程中存在的不足,提出未来应向加工装置大型化、自动化和智能化方向发展,并加强船载加工设备和蟹类深加工设备的研发等,以期为进一步开展带壳类水产品的自动化加工设备研究提供有益参考。

As the production of shelled aquatic products increases year by year,the traditional sales and manual processing mode(fresh sale,drunkenness and manual shelling)can no longer alleviate the contradiction of oversupply in the market.Automated deep processing of shelled aquatic products can improve the processing efficiency and ensure the health of workers and food safety,thus promoting the high-quality development of fisheries in China.Shell-meat separation technology is a prerequisite for deep processing of shelled aquatic products,and it is important to promote the development of deep processing equipment for shelled aquatic products.This paper reviews different methods of shell meat separation for shelled aquatic products,and classifies shell meat separation into pretreatment and shell removal technologies,analyzing and summa rising the research on several pretreatment technologies including heating and cooling pretreatment,enzyme pretreatment,ultra-high pressure pretreatment and combined pretreatment,and several shell removal technologies such as cutting,extrusion,centrifugation and high-pressure water jetting.In view of the deficiencies in the process of shell-meat separation of shelled aquatic products,it is proposed that large-scale processing equipment,automation and intelligence should be further developed and the research and development of shipboard processing equipment and crab deep processing should be strengthened.This review will provide ideas and references for further research on automatic processing equipment of shelled aquatic products.