太空锻炼区人机界面色彩环境舒适度设计研究

Comfort Design of Man-machine Interface Color Environment in the Exercise Area of Manned Spacecraft

目的研究载人航天器锻炼区在不同色彩环境下对运动锻炼的色彩环境舒适度、运动欲望及心率上升率的影响。方法36名受试者分为头低位组(实验组)和立位组(对照组),实验要求被试者进行主观问卷评价,同时采集实验中的客观数据。对主观评价结果进行方差分析,并对心率信号进行心率上升率换算,分析不同色彩下主观评价和心率数据的差异。最后以航天器锻炼区的色彩搭配为例进行设计验证。结果主观评价显示,不同颜色对心理状态都有显著性差异;在色彩环境舒适度上,通过研究冷暖色调对运动色彩环境舒适度均值的影响后发现,无色彩环境相对于其他颜色表现出显著差异性;在运动欲望上,通过分析色彩的冷暖色调对运动欲望均值的影响发现,暖色环境相对于冷色表现出显著差异性。客观数据显示,不同色彩下心率波动均在正常范围内,而不同色彩环境下心率上升率差异不大,无统计学意义。在不同状态下心率上升率有显著差异。结论在狭小、密闭的锻炼空间中,暖色环境相比冷色环境和无色彩环境更容易影响人的运动欲望,其中黄色环境表现较为明显,而相比有色彩环境下,在无色彩环境下的运动则更为舒适。最后依据实验结论开展设计实践。

The work aims to study the effects of different color environments on color environment comfort,exercise desire and heart rate increase in the exercise area of manned spacecraft.36 subjects were divided into two groups:the head down group(experimental group)and the standing group(control group).Subjective evaluation was carried out,and objective data were collected from the experiment.Variance analysis was conducted to the subjective evaluation results and heart rate increase conversion was carried out to heart rate signal.The difference between subjective evaluation and heart rate data under different colors was analyzed.Finally,the color matching of the spacecraft exercise area was taken as an example to verify the design.Subjective evaluation showed that different colors had significant differences in men-tal state.In terms of the comfort degree of color environment,the effect of warm and cold tones on the average comfort degree of sports color environment was studied,indicating that the achromatic environment showed significant differ-ences compared with other colors.In terms of exercise desire,by analyzing the effect of the cold and warm tones of color on the mean value of exercise desire,it was found that the warm color environment showed significant differences com-pared with the cold color.The objective data showed that the fluctuation of heart rate under different colors was within the normal range,and the increase of heart rate under different color schemes had little difference,which was not statistically significant.There were significant differences in the increase of heart rate in different states.In a narrow and closed exer-cise space,warm environment is more likely to affect people's desire to exercise than cold environment and achromatic environment,in which yellow environment is more obvious,while achromatic environment is more comfortable than color environment.Finally,the reliability of the experimental results is verified by a case design.