几种橡胶材料对航空液压密封适应性的比较研究

A Comparative Study of Some Rubber Materials for Aeronautical Hydraulic Sealing Applications

针对航空液压系统密封产品的典型工况要求,选择了丁腈橡胶、氟醚橡胶、氟硅橡胶三种橡胶材料,从基础物理力学性能、低温性能、高温性能等方面对三种橡胶材料进行了比较,讨论了三种橡胶材料对航空石油基液压介质密封工况的适应性。氟醚橡胶在力学性能、耐介质性能和耐高温老化性能等方面具有突出优势,但目前低温等级的氟醚橡胶在-55℃低温下的弹性不足。低温型丁腈橡胶在-55℃低温下具有一定弹性,但在耐介质性能和耐老化性能等方面存在短板且提升调整空间有限。氟硅橡胶在高低温性能、耐介质性能、寿命等方面综合性能较优,在配合塑料滑环部件的组合式密封结构下作为施力元件,可以为航空液压系统动密封提供一种较可靠的密封方案。

Aiming at the requirements for aeronautical hydraulic sealing applications,nitrile-butadiene(NBR),low-temperature fluororubber(LT-FKM),and fluorosilicones(FVMQ) were studied by comparing their physical and mechanical properties,low temperature resistance,and high temperature resistance.Their advantages and disadvantages for aeronautical hydraulic sealing applications were discussed.LT-FKM showed outstanding advantages in strength,fluid and high temperature resistance,but weak resilience at-55℃ at present.NBR showed some resilience at-55℃,but its weakness in fluid and high temperature resistance were difficult to make up.FVMQ showed comprehensive properties in fluid,high and low temperature resistance.Using as an energetic element in a combined seal with a plastic cap ring,FVMQ might provide a more reliable solutions for aeronautical hydraulic sealing applications.