失眠障碍患者睡眠脑电分型与治疗研究进展

Advances on sleep electroencephalogram in the subtyping and treatment of insomnia disorder

失眠障碍是一种临床常见的精神障碍。目前失眠障碍的临床分型主要依据临床症状描述,缺乏客观检测依据,治疗循证基础薄弱。近年来,睡眠脑电对于观察患者睡眠结构和连续性的异常日益受到重视,有助于探索失眠障碍的生物机制,有利于临床精准分型并提升个性化治疗水平。本文着重综述失眠障碍的睡眠脑电亚型的五种分型,包括基于客观睡眠时间、功率频谱特征、循环交替模式、纺锤波和微觉醒的分型并说明各亚型与临床转归关联的特点,旨在为失眠障碍的临床分型和个性化治疗提供循证依据。

Insomnia disorder is a common clinical mental disorder.Currently,clinical subtyping of insomnia disorder relies primarily on symptomatic descriptions,lacking objective measures and subtyping-based treatment approaches.In recent years,increasing attention has been drawn to sleep electroencephalography(EEG)as a valuable tool for observing abnormal sleep architecture and continuity of insomnia disorder.Sleep EEG analysis holds the potential to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms of insomnia disorder,facilitating data-driven subtyping and enhancing personalized therapeutic strategies.Five types of sleep EEG subtypes of insomnia disorder were systematically searched and summarized:classifications derived from objective sleep duration,power spectral characteristics,cyclic alternating pattern,spindle and microarousal.EEG characteristics of each subtype and clinical outcomes are discussed.This review aims to provide evidence-based insights for clinical subtyping and personalized treatment of insomnia disorder.