耐盐碱水稻研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Saline-alkali Tolerant Rice

中国是世界第三大盐碱土国家,90%以上为内陆盐碱地,可利用耐盐碱水稻种植的盐碱地约1 000万hm^(2),加强耐盐碱水稻的研发对确保中国粮食安全具有重要的战略意义。较系统地介绍了中国盐碱地分类、水稻盐碱逆境伤害特征、耐盐碱水稻种质资源评价与创新利用、国内外耐盐碱水稻品种选育、耐盐碱水稻栽培管理与盐碱地土壤修复、水稻耐盐碱机理等方面的研究进展;提出了耐盐碱水稻的发展策略,即通过耐盐碱水稻种质资源创新、充分利用耐盐碱水稻杂种优势与分子技术培育耐盐碱力强的水稻品种,集成水稻盐碱地土壤改良和高产栽培技术,在中国盐碱地可种植区域打造“第二粮仓”,服务于国家粮食安全战略需求。

China is the third largest country in the world in terms of the area of saline and alkaline land,more than 90%of which is inland saline-alkali land,and about 10 million hectares of saline-alkali land can be planted with the saline-alkali tolerant rice.Therefore,it is very important to strengthen the research and development of saline-alkali tolerant rice to ensure the food security of China.This paper systematically introduced the classification of salinealkali land in China,the characteristics of saline-alkali stress damage of rice,the evaluation and innovative utilization of saline-alkaline tolerant rice germplasm resources,the breeding of saline-alkali tolerant rice varieties,the cultivation management of saline-alkali tolerant rice,the soil restoration of saline-alkali land and the mechanism of saline-alkali tolerant rice.The development strategy of saline-alkali tolerant rice was put forward,that is,through the innovation of saline-alkali tolerant rice germplasm resources,developing rice varieties with stronger saline-alkali tolerance by way of the heterosis utilization and molecular technology,and integrating saline-alkali land soil improvement and high-yielding rice cultivation technology to build a"second granary"in China's saline-alkali land planting area for the strategic needs of national food security.