《沧浪诗话》诗歌体制论的误读与辩正

The Misinterpretation and Correction of the Poetic Theory of“Ti Zhi”in Cang Lang Shi Hua

“体制”是严羽诗论的核心概念,但因习焉不察的割裂与混淆,其确切内涵与本来面目未能完整呈现,也妨碍了对严羽诗论体系及诗学思想的整体理解。藉由文本精析与逻辑归纳相结合,可知《沧浪诗话》中“体制”概念指向诗歌作品完整而具体的本体存在,这一基本内涵不因其《诗体》中辨体角度不同而互异。诗之“体制”不仅包含“词理意兴”等基本要素,且以“格力”“兴趣”“气象”“音节”等为之“用”,以更充分表现诗体的内在品质和艺术力量。其中“格力”以诗意为本,是诗中整体思想情感所表现的精神力量;“兴趣”以诗情为本,是诗体所表达的自然感发、含蓄蕴藉的情致和意趣;“气象”以诗象为本,是诗体所呈现的自然雄浑的整体艺术形象;“音节”以诗语为本,是诗体中充分韵律化、表意化的艺术语言。着眼于贯通式诗歌体制观,可对《沧浪诗话》的概念关系和整体结构获得更切近实际、更切合语境的理解。

“Ti Zhi”is the core concept of Yan Yu's poetic theory,but due to unperceived separation and confusion,its exact connotation and true colors have not been fully presented,which also hinders the overall understanding of Yan Yu's poetic theory system and poetic ideas.By combining text refinement and logical induction,it can be seen that the concept of“Ti Zhi”in Cang Lang Shi Hua points to the complete and specific ontological existence of poetic works,and this basic connotation does not differ due to the differentiation and analysis of poetry genres from different perspectives in“Shi Ti”.The“Ti Zhi”of poetry not only includes basic elements such as“ci”,“li”,“yi”and“xing”,but also uses“Xing Qu”,“Ge Li”,“Qi Xiang”,“Yin Jie”,etc.to fully express the inherent quality and artistic power of poetry.Among them,“Ge Li”is based on the meaning of poetry,and represents the spiritual power expressed by the general thought and emotion in the poetry;“Xing Qu”is based on poetic sentiment,and it is the natural and implicit sentiment and interest expressed in the poetry;“Qi Xiang”is based on the poetic image,and it is the natural and vigorous image presented by the poetry;“Yin Jie”is based on the poetic language,and it is a full rhythmic and ideographic artistic language.A more practical and contextual understanding of the conceptual relationship and overall structure of Cang Lang Shi Hua can be acquired focusing on the penetrating view of“Ti Zhi”in poetry.