重庆市居民膳食中铬暴露水平及其健康风险评估

Dietary exposure to chromium and associated health risks in Chongqing

目的评估重庆市居民膳食中铬暴露水平及潜在的健康风险。方法利用2018—2021年重庆市9类共2780份食品中铬含量监测数据,结合中国健康与营养调查项目2018年重庆市膳食调查数据(3 d 24 h膳食回顾法),采用蒙特卡罗模拟估计重庆市居民膳食中铬暴露水平并评估其健康风险。结果重庆市各类食物中铬平均含量范围为0.0139~0.1263 mg/kg,总体检出率为40.6%。铬平均含量以水产品及其制品最高,其次是特殊膳食用食品、叶菜类蔬菜和大米。重庆市居民膳食中铬每日平均暴露量范围为0.683~2.117μg/kg·BW,高食物量消费人群的膳食暴露水平(P95)范围为1.165~3.597μg/kg·BW。各年龄组人群的铬每日平均暴露量随年龄增加有降低的趋势,1~6岁人群的铬每日平均暴露量最高,60岁以上人群最低;男性铬平均暴露量高于女性;城市地区人群的铬平均暴露量高于农村地区。谷物及其制品对重庆市居民膳食中铬暴露的贡献率最高,达39.31%~49.13%,其次为蔬菜、肉及肉制品。各年龄、性别、地区组人群膳食中铬每日平均暴露量和P95暴露量占每日耐受摄入量(TDI)的比例均低于1。结论重庆市居民膳食中铬暴露的健康风险较低,谷物及其制品、蔬菜、肉及肉制品是膳食中铬摄入的主要来源。

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary exposure level of chromium(Cr)and its potential health risks among residents of Chongqing.Methods Cr concentration data were obtained from the Food Safety Risk Monitoring System,which included 2780 Cr-containing food samples from nine categories in Chongqing from 2018 to 2021.Food consumption data were derived from the Chongqing Diet Survey Data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey Project 2018(3 d 24 h dietary recall surveys).A Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate the dietary Cr intake levels and the associated health risks.Results The average concentration of Cr in all foods in Chongqing ranged from 0.0139 to 0.1263 mg/kg,with a total detection rate of 40.6%.The average Cr concentration was highest in aquatic products,followed by foods for special dietary use,leafy vegetables,and rice.The average daily dietary Cr exposure range of Chongqing residents was 0.683-2.117μg/kg body weight(BW),and the dietary Cr exposure level(P95)of the high-foodconsumption population was 1.165-3.597μg/kg BW.The average daily level of Cr exposure decreased with increasing age.The average daily exposure to Cr was highest for people aged 1-6 years and lowest for people aged>60 years.The average exposure to Cr was higher in urban areas than in rural areas,and females had higher exposure levels than males.Cereals and their products had the highest contribution to the total dietary Cr exposure of Chongqing residents,reaching 39.31%-49.13%.The mean and maximum levels of exposure(P95)to chromium were less than one of the tolerable daily intake in all age,sex,and regional groups.Conclusion The health risk of dietary Cr exposure among Chongqing residents was low.The three main sources of dietary Cr were cereals and their products,vegetables,and meat.