国内外食品冷链物流关键环节温控要求对比研究

Comparison on regulations of temperature requirements of critical control links in food cold chain process between China and foreign countries

目的研究国际组织和其他国家对食品冷链温度要求的管理情况,为我国冷链标准完善和今后研究方向提出建议。方法将我国标准与国际食品法典委员会、国际标准化组织、欧盟、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰标准的相关规定进行对比分析,提出关注和重点考虑的问题以及对我国冷链物流温度控制的建议。结果国外基本为推荐性操作要求,较少规定具体温度,我国标准体系为强制性和推荐性相结合,对温度要求较为具体。国内外标准中都允许温度波动,同时强调车辆预冷、监控、运输工具等的重要,但国外标准更多注重过程管理。提示我国今后要加强操作规范,尤其是推荐性标准的制定。结论我国食品冷链物流关键环节的温度要求与国际基本接轨,安全标准制定相对合理和完善,应加强推荐性操作规范标准的制定,促进行业健康和谐发展。

Objective To provide suggestions for the improvement of the standards of China,the management situation of international organizations and other countries on temperature requirements of food cold chain process was studied.Methods The standards between China and Codex Alimentarius Commission(CAC),International Organization for Standardization(ISO),the European Union,the United States,Canada and Australia/New Zealand were compared and analyzed.And the issues of most concerning were raised.The suggestion of cold chain logistics temperature control of China was put forward.Results The standards of other countries were basically recommended operating requirements.There were fewer requirements for specific temperatures.However,the standards system in our country was a combination of compulsory and recommended and there were more requirements for specific temperatures.In both domestic and foreign standards,temperature fluctuation was allowed,and the importance of vehicle precooling,monitoring,transportation tools,and so on were emphasized.However,foreign standards were more emphasized on process management.In the future,China should strengthen the establishment of recommendatory operation rules.Conclusion The standard management on temperature requirement of the food cold chain in China conforms to international standards.The food safety standards are relatively reasonable.China should take good measures to the quality standards,and promote healthy and harmonious development of this industry.