济源市南山林场林区人工林与农田土壤质量的评价与比较

Evaluation and Comparison of Soil Quality of Plantation and Farmland in Nanshan Forest Farm of Jiyuan City

我国退耕还林的政策已经实施超过20年,该政策对我国生态环境的改善发挥了巨大作用,人工林的生态效益也得到了广泛认可与研究。然而多数研究聚焦在人工林对大气环境的优化,忽略了土壤质量这一陆地生态系统循环中至关重要的生态要素。本文利用多种实地测量的土壤理化属性数据计算了综合土壤指数并分析了济源市南山林场区内人工林与农田的土壤质量差异,研究发现土壤质量受多种因素影响,其中全氮含量和土壤pH作用最为突出,其次是全钾含量和有机质含量;另外人工林和农田的土壤指标中2012年(2.47g/kg)和2022年(40.34g/kg)差异度最大的均为全碳含量,2012年最小为全钾含量(0.24%),2022年最小变为全氮含量(3.30%);人工林的多数土壤指标含量高于农田,说明人工林对提高该地区的土壤质量具有积极作用,在林农分用的10年中,人工林地区的土壤质量相对农田提高了约10%,说明退耕还林可有效改善区域土壤质量。本文对人工林和农田土壤质量的评价对于我国退耕还林政策具有补充意义。

The policy of returning farmland to forests has been implemented for over 20 years.It has played a significant role in improving ecological environment in our country,and the ecological benefits of afforestation have been widely recognized and studied.However,most research has focused on the optimization of artificial forests for the atmospheric environment,while the crucial ecological elements of soil quality in the terrestrial ecosystem cycle has been ignored.By using various field measurement soil physicochemical property data,comprehensive soil index has been calculated and the differences in soil quality between artificial forests and farmland in Nanshan Forest Farm area of Jiyuan city have been analyzed.It is found that soil quality has been influenced by various factors,with total nitrogen content and soil pH being the most prominent,followed by total potassium content and organic matter content.Additionally,among the soil indicators of artificial forests and farmland,the greatest difference in 2012(2.47g/kg)and 2022(40.34g/kg)is the total carbon content.In 2012,the minimum is total potassium content(0.24%),while in 2022,it has changed to total nitrogen content(3.30%).Most soil indicators in artificial forests are higher than those in farmland.It is indicated that artificial forests play a positive role in improving soil quality in the region.Over the 10 years of afforestation and agricultural use,the soil quality in the artificial forest area has increased by about 10% relative to farmland.The returning farmland to forests can effectively improve regional soil quality.The evaluation of soil quality in artificial forests and farmland has supplementary significance for the policy of returning farmland to forests.