1980—2020年济南市土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响

Influence of Land Use Changes on the Value of Ecosystem Services in Ji'nan from 1980 to 2020

面对资源紧缺、土地利用方式不合理、生态系统退化等问题,探索土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响,对于制定适宜的国土空间规划、自然资源管理、生态文明建设等方面的政策措施具有重要意义。本文选取济南市作为研究区域,探讨了1980—2020年研究区土地利用结构变化以及土地利用类型间转移情况,并核算了生态系统服务价值,分析了不同土地利用类型对生态系统服务价值变化的生态贡献率。研究结果表明:(1)在研究时段内,研究区建设用地面积呈现持续增加的趋势;在1980—2000年阶段,耕地、林地、草地、水域面积呈现波动式变化,在2000—2020年阶段处于持续下降的趋势。(2)1980—2020年,生态系统服务总价值呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势;从单项服务价值来看,供给、调节、支持和文化4种主要的服务价值均有不同程度的减少,尤其在2005—2010年,下降幅度最大。(3)耕地对济南市生态系统服务价值变化影响最大,主要由于研究区内受城市发展的影响,导致耕地面积大幅减少,其次影响较大的是林地、草地和水域。

Faced the problem of resource shortage,unreasonable land utilization types and degradation of ecological systems,exploring the impact of land use change on the value of ecosystem services is of great significance for formulating appropriate policies and measures on territorial spatial planning,natural resource management and ecological civilization construction.Selecting Ji'nan city as the study area,the change of land use structure and transfer among land use types from 1980 to 2020 has been studied,the ecosystem service value has been calculated,and ecological contribution rate of different land use types to the change of ecosystem service value has been analyzed.It is showed that:①The construction land area shows a trend of continuous increase within the whole period.The area of cultivated land,forest land,grassland and water area show a fluctuating change from 1980 to 2000,but are in a continuous decline between the year 2000 and 2020.②From 1980 to 2020,the total service value of ecosystem show a general trend of down-up-down.To be specific,four main service values,such as supply,regulation,support and culture all decrease to varying degrees,and reach the largest degree from 2005 to 2010.③Service value change of ecosystem in Ji'nan city is mostly affected by the cultivated land,which reduces tremendously in the study area due to the urban development.It will cause a significant reduction in arable land area,followed by significant impacts on forests,grasslands,and water bodies.