个体环境敏感性差异产生的原因及其存在的证据

Reasons for Differences in Individual Environmental Sensitivity and Evidence for Its Existence

“环境敏感性”(Environmental Sensitivity,ES)是指个体感知和处理外部刺激的能力,被认为是一种由遗传决定的个体特质。ES作为一种生物特性,是在漫长的物种进化过程中逐渐形成的。研究梳理了不同领域研究人员对个体ES差异形成原因的解释,包括“对冲赌注”的遗传策略、神经系统反应性的自我校准以及负频率依赖选择的结果。同时,系统回顾了基因、神经系统的反应性、早期的表型标记以及量表测量四个方面的实证研究,这些研究证明了个体ES的存在,并初步探讨了ES与个体发展结果的相关性。研究发现,ES是人类对于我们自身认识与研究的重要理论发现。根据已有的研究结果提出未来的研究方向:需要从个体ES的内部机制及判识标志、个体ES的毕生发展特征,ES对个体发展结果的影响,个体ES与个体的当代适应等几个方面进行更加深入和广泛的探索。

Environmental sensitivity(ES)refers to the the ability to perceive and process environmental stimuli,which is considered to be an individual trait determined by heredity.As a biological characteristic,ES is gradually formed in the long process of species evolu-tion.The study combed through the explanations of the causes of individual ES differences by researchers in dfferent fields,including genetic strategies of "hedging bets",self-calibration of nervous system reactivity,and the results of negative frequency-dependent se-lection.At the same time,we systematically reviewed empirical research on four aspects:genes,nervous system reactivity,early pheno-typic markers,and scale measurement.These studies proved the existence of individual ES and preliminarily explored the correlation be-tween ES and individual development outcomes.This study finds that ES is an important theoretical discovery of our own understanding and research.According to the existing research results,the future research direction is put forward:the internal mechanism and identifi-cation marks of individual ES,the lifelong development characteristics of individual ES,the influence of ES on individual development results,individual ES and individual contemporary adaptation and other aspects of more in-depth and extensive exploration.