两种实验范式下三段论推理格效应对比

Comparison of the Figural Effect of Syllogistic Reasoning between Two Experimental Paradigms

三段论推理的格效应是指三段论的中项位置会影响三段论推理的难度以及结论端项的顺序。为对比结论生成范式和结论评价范式下三段论推理的格效应差异,并探究其他形式因素对推理难度的影响,采用48个三段论形式对275名中学生进行了实验。结果表明,在两种实验范式下,四个格的难度差异主效应均显著。结论生成范式比结论评价范式格的难度差异更显著。格效应并不能充分解释不同三段论的推理难度差异。在同一格内以及不同格之间不同三段论的推理难度受前提性质和顺序以及弱式和标准式的差异影响。研究给出了一个解释三段论推理难度差异的新分析框架,有助于推动解决三段论推理复杂性这一问题。

The figural effect of syllogistic reasoning refers to the effect that the position of the middle term in syllogisms influences the direction of end terms in the conclusion and the difficulty of the syllogism.To understand the difference of the figural effect of syllogistic reasoning tasks between the conclusion production paradigm and the conclusion evaluation paradigm and other factors influencing the difficulty of reasoning,an experiment was conducted on 275 middle school students using 48 syllogisms.The results showed that under both experimental paradigms,the main effect of difficulty differences in the four figures was significant.The difference in difficulty of the conclusion production paradigm is more significant than the conclusion evaluation paradigm.The figural effect cannot fully explain the differences in reasoning difficulty among different syllogisms.The difficulty of reasoning different syllogisms within the same figure and between different figures is influenced by the properties and order of premises,as well as the differences between weak and standard forms.The study provides a new analytical framework to explain the differences in the difficulty of syllogistic reasoning,which helps to promote the resolution of the complexity of syllogistic reasoning.