乐观与大学生抑郁的关系: 负性认知偏向与消极情感的链式中介

The Relationship between Optimism and Depression in College Students:A Chain Mediator of Negative Cognitive Bias and Negative Affect

目的:考察乐观对大学生抑郁的影响及其作用机制,以及探究负性认知偏向和消极情感在乐观与大学生抑郁之间的中介作用。方法:采用贝克抑郁自评问卷、负性认知加工偏向问卷、消极情感量表、乐观量表对801位大学本科生进行调查。结果表明:(1)乐观与负性认知偏向显著负相关;负性认知偏向与消极情感呈负相关,与抑郁呈正相关;消极情感与抑郁呈正相关;(2)乐观对抑郁直接产生影响,负性认知偏向和消极情感在乐观与抑郁之间起显著的中介作用。具体为三条中介路径:一是负性认知偏向的单独中介作用;二是消极情感的单独中介作用;三是负性认知偏向和消极情感的链式中介作用。结论:乐观既可以直接影响大学生抑郁水平,又可以分别通过负性认知偏向、消极情感的中介作用,以及负性认知偏向——消极情感的链式中介作用间接影响大学生抑郁水平。研究揭示了乐观与大学生抑郁的关系及其作用机制,拓展了大学生抑郁的影响因素,对大学生的心理健康工作具有一定的现实意义。

Aims To investigate the influence and mechanism of optimism on depression in college students,and to explore the mediating role of negative cognitive bias and negative emotion between optimism and depression in college students.Methods 801 undergraduates were investigated by Beck Depression self-rating questionnaire,negative cognitive Processing Bias questionnaire,negative affective Scale and optimism scale.Results(1)Optimism was significantly negatively correlated with negative cognitive bias;Negative cognitive bias was negatively correlated with negative emotion and positively correlated with depression.Negative emotion is positively correlated with depression.(2)Optimism has a direct impact on depression,and negative cognitive bias and negative emotion play a significant mediating role between optimism and depression.There are three mediating paths:one is the single mediating effect of negative cognitive bias;Second,the single mediating effect of negative emotion;The third is the chain mediation of negative cognitive bias and negative emotion.Conclusion Optimism can not only directly affect the depression of college students,but also indirectly affect the depression level of college students through the mediating effect of negative cognitive bias,negative emotion,and the chain mediating effect of negative cognitive bias--negative emotion.This study reveals the relationship between optimism and depression of college students and its mechanism of action,expands the influencing factors of depression of college students,and has certain practical significance for the mental health work of college students.