一般智力的认知发展神经机制及其干预

The Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Cognitive Development of General Intelligence and Interventions

智力被认为是适应环境的能力,以及从经验中学习的能力。智力可以广泛地预测学业、人生成就等,而智力干预也成为了领域内研究的热点。研究结合对领域一般和领域特殊的讨论,首先从进化心理学角度回顾智力的演化痕迹,从发展心理学的角度回顾了主要的个体发展理论。然后,介绍智力的神经基础,大量证据表明额顶网络是智力相关的核心脑区,脑区间的协同作用通过神经震荡机制实现。在此基础上,进一步梳理了智力干预的方案,包括基础认知过程、脑刺激和认知策略的干预。随后梳理了智力的认知及其神经干预研究,但研究效果不一致。最后讨论了当下智力干预结果不一致的潜在影响因素,如任务范式、发展关键期、社会化程度等,但这些因素如何影响智力干预仍然有待后续研究的进一步验证。

Intelligence is considered as the capacity to adapt to the environment and the ability to learn from experience.It has broad implications for predicting academic success,life achievements,and has become a focal point of research in the field.The present study integrates discussions on domain-general and domain-specific aspects of intelligence.Initially,we provide an evolutionary psychology perspective on the traces of intelligence,followed by a review of major individual developmental theories from the perspective of developmental psychology.Subsequently,we introduce the neural basis of intelligence,with substantial evidence supporting the frontal and parietal regions as core brain areas associated with intelligence,where cooperative interaction between brain regions is facilitated through neural oscillation.On this basis,we further summarize intervention strategies for intelligence,including interventions targeting fundamental cognitive processes,brain stimulation,and cognitive strategies.We subsequently review the studies of cognitive and neural interventions in intelligence,acknowledging the inconsistent findings in existing research.Finally,we engage in a discussion regarding the potential factors contributing to the current inconsistency in intelligence intervention outcomes,such as task paradigms,critical developmental periods,and levels of socialization.However,the precise impact of these factors on intelligence interventions requires further empirical validation in future research.