航空典型金属材料增材制造组织、缺陷、表面、构型研究进展

Research progress on microstructure,defects,surface and configuration of additive manufactured typical aviation metals

增材制造是一种集激光、数字化、材料等学科为一体的新型制造技术,具有降维制造、复杂成型、材料利用率高等优点,是材料加工领域中最具应用前景的技术之一,金属增材制造技术已在航空领域得到广泛研究和应用,国内外学者在航空金属材料增材制造方面的研究不断深入。中国航发增材制造技术创新中心在金属增材制造结构四要素——组织、缺陷、表面、构型方面开展了大量研究并获得一些数据,发现了一些现象和规律,包括组织接续生长特征及其对力学性能的影响;典型材料增材制造常见缺陷(气孔、裂纹、未熔合)特征、形成原因及其对力学性能特别是疲劳性能的影响机制;零件表面粗糙度与成形角度的关系及对疲劳性能的影响;金属增材制造构型的影响因素。在此基础上,总结了金属增材制造发展中存在的问题,对下一步重点提出了建议,并对未来研究工作提出了展望。

Additive manufacturing is a new manufacturing technique that integrates laser,digitization,materials and other disciplines.It has the advantages of dimensionality reduction manufacturing,complex forming,and high material utilization.It is one of the most promising techniques in the field of material processing.Metal additive manufacturing technique has been widely studied and applied in the aviation field.The research on the additive manufacturing of aviation metal materials by domestic and foreign scholars continues to deepen.AECC Additive Manufacturing Technology Innovation Center has carried out a quantity of research and obtained some data from the four factors of metal additive manufacturing:microstructure,defects,surface and configuration.Some phenomena and laws have been found,including the characteristics and influencing factors of microstructure continuous growth;influence of the structure on mechanical properties;the characteristics and causes of common defects(pores,cracks,incomplete fusion)in additive manufactured typical materials and their influence mechanism on mechanical properties,especially fatigue properties;the relation between surface roughness and forming angles,and the influence of surface states on fatigue properties;factors influencing configuration of metal additive manufacturing.Finally,the problems existing in the development of metal additive manufacturing are summarized,and the suggestions for future research and development are put forward.