电子束粉床熔融制备镍基高温合金构件的研究进展

Research progress in fabrication of nickel-based superalloy components by electron beam powder bed fusion

镍基高温合金是涡轮发动机和燃气轮机中的重要结构材料,然而其制件传统加工过程复杂、成本高昂且原材料利用率不高。电子束粉末床熔融(electron beam powder bed fusion,EBPBF)技术能够实现复杂结构制件近净成形,是一种高温合金成形的新方案。EBPBF技术实现了以Inconel 718、Inconel 625为代表的高温合金材料构件的成形,并且发展至能够成形无裂纹的高比例γ′相难焊镍基高温合金,甚至直接制备单晶体镍基高温合金构件,材料的性能达到了传统铸锻件的水平。本文回顾近年来以EBPBF镍基高温合金作为研究对象的相关文献,从工艺过程、组织调控、力学性能等角度对EBPBF制备镍基高温合金构件研究现状进行分析总结,并对未来的研究工作提出了展望。

Nickel-based superalloys are important structural materials in turbine engines and gas turbines,but their conventional fabrication processes are complex,costly and have poor raw-material-utilization rate.The electron beam powder bed fusion(EBPBF)technology is a new solution for forming superalloys,which can realize near net forming of complex structural parts.During more than ten years of development,EBPBF technology has realized the high-quality formation of superalloy materials and components represented by Inconel 718 and Inconel 625,and has continuously extended its capability to form crack-free,high-γ'-phase-portion difficult-to-weld nickel-based superalloys,and can even directly prepare single-crystal nickel-based superalloy components.In this paper,the relevant literatures on EBPBF nickel-based superalloys in recent years are reviewed,and the current research status from the perspectives of printability,process optimization,property characterization of EBPBF nickel based superalloy components are analyzed and summarized,and also the future research work is proposed.