行政许可条件中的风险规制要素研究

Research on the Risk Regulation Elementsin Administrative Permission Conditions

行政许可条件的构成要素与行政许可制度功能的匹配程度直接影响行政许可立法目的的实现程度。现行法律法规对行政许可条件的规定较为原则,对行政许可条件的构成要素未作一般规定。具体设定行政许可条件的法律规范位阶相对较低,行政许可条件的构成要素与行政许可制度目的和功能的匹配度不高。新时代行政许可制度的风险规制功能要求科学配置行政许可条件中的风险规制要素。风险规制要素是阻却许可行为实施过程中发生潜在风险的应对措施,可采取集中式规定+分散式规定相结合的立法模式,依据风险规制类型分类规定。设定风险规制要素应遵循科学原则、比例原则和预防原则,其目的是以积极条件和消极条件的方式预防和控制风险。

The compatibility between the constitutive elements of administrative permission conditions and the functions of the administrative permission system directly affects the degree of achievement of the legislative purpose of administrative permission.Current laws and regulations provide general principles for the constitutive elements of administrative permission conditionswithout general provisions on the constituent elements of these conditions.The legal regulations specific to the setting of administrative permission conditions are relatively low in rank.The compatibility between the constitutive elements of administrative permission conditions and the objectives and functions of the administrative permission system is not high.In the new era,the risk regulation function of the administrative permission system requires the scientific configuration of risk regulation elements in administrative permission conditions.Risk regulation elements are the response measures to potential risks during the implementation of permission activities.A legislative model combining centralized and decentralized regulations can be adopted,and risk regulation types can be specified according to risk regulation categories.The establishment of risk regulation elements should follow the scientific principle,the principle of proportionality,and the precautionary principle.The objective is to prevent and control risks in a positive and negative manner.