实证分析视野下“减轻处罚裁量规则”的内部要件完善

Improvement of the Internal Elements of the"Mitigation of Penalty Discretionary Rules"from the Perspective of Empirical Analysis

随着《行政处罚法》的修订以及一系列文件的出台,裁量基准的顶层制度设计得到不断完善,裁量基准正式纳入依法治国的轨道。减轻处罚作为裁量基准必不可少的内容,是裁量基准从形式正义走向实质正义的桥梁,但是其在实践中存在适用难题。本文采用实证分析方法对两类裁量基准中减轻处罚规定进行规范分析,探析实践中减轻处罚在要件裁量和效果裁量的适用困境。基于此,应当以要件裁量和效果裁量为基点,在要件裁量中区分法定要件与酌定要件,明确酌定要件的合法性,在效果裁量中肯定减轻处罚相对于从轻处罚的独立适用地位,厘清酌定要件与法定要件的适用效果,限缩处罚幅度与种类。

With the amendment of"Administrative Penalty Law"and the issuance of a series of documents,the top-level system design of the discretionary standard has been continuously improved,and the discretionary standard has been formally included in the track of governing the country according to law.As an indispensable content of the discretionary standard,mitigating punishment is a bridge from formal justice to substantive justice for the discretionary standard,but there are difficulties in its application in practice.This paper adopts empirical analysis to standardize the mitigation provisions in the two types of discretionary standards,and the exploreis the applicating diffcalties of mitigating punishment in the discretion of the elements and the discretion of the effect.In this regard,the focus should be,on element discretion and effect discretion,distinguishing between statutory elements and discretionary elements in element discretion and clarifying the legality of discretionary elements,as well as affirming the independent application status of mitigating penalties in effect discretion compared to lenient penalties and clarifying the application effects of discretionary elements and statutory elements,and limiting the extent and types of penalties..