商业生态系统演化中关系的本质和动态性:互补性、资产专用性与权力强度对比

Nature and Dynamic of Relationships in Business Ecosystem Evolution:Complementarity,Asset Specificity,and Power Comparison

参与到一个或多个商业生态系统中去,已经是当今时代大多数企业不得不做出的选择。过去十年中,学术界已经对商业生态系统进行了充分的概念化,但是对于生态系统中的企业间关系本质及变化的动态性仍然缺乏足够的研究。生态系统中主导的企业间关系是焦点企业与其生态系统合作伙伴之间的关系,在既往研究的基础上,文章尝试确立此类关系的概念边界,并探究当生态系统演化时,生态系统焦点公司何时、出于何种原因对其合作伙伴进行包络、收取溢价或维持现状。研究发现,三个因素共同促成了生态系统的动态变化:资产专用性、互补性与权力强度对比。其中,互补性影响双方合作的绩效,资产专用性维持生态系统参与者的稳定性,权力强度对比影响双方对剩余价值索取与焦点企业的市场进入行为,三者的结合共同决定生态系统焦点企业的演化行为,从而决定生态演化方向。文末对未来生态系统中企业间关系动态过程的研究进行了展望。

Participating in one or more business ecosystems is a choice that most companies have to make in this day and age.Over the past decade,the business ecosystem has been well conceptualized,but there is still a lack of research on the nature of the relationships between firms in the nature of and dynamics of inter-firm relationships in ecosystem.Building on previous research,this paper attempts to establish the conceptual boundaries of the dominant inter-firm relationship in the ecosystem-the relationship between focal firm and its ecosystem partners-and explores when and for what reasons ecosystem focal companies envelop their partners,charge premiums,or maintain the status quo as ecosystems evolve.It is discovered that three factors work together to contribute to ecosystem dynamics:asset specificity,complementarity,and power comparison.Among them,complementarity affects the performance of coordination between the two parties,asset specificity maintains the stability of ecosystem participants,and power comparison affects the extent of surplus value takeover and market entry behavior of focal firm,and the combination of the three jointly determines the evolution behavior of ecosystem focal firm,thereby determining the direction of ecosystem evolution.At the end of this paper,future researches on the processes of dynamic change of inter-firm relationships in the ecosystem are prospected.