中国交通枢纽城市生态交通效率时空特征分析

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Eco-transport Efficiency in Transport Hub Cities of China

为探究中国交通枢纽城市生态交通效率的发展水平及其时空特征,寻求综合交通运输体系绿色低碳发展的有效路径,以中国20个国际性综合交通枢纽城市作为研究对象,采用超效率EBM(Epsilon-Based Measure)模型测度其生态交通效率,并运用核密度估计法、标准差椭圆法和Dagum基尼系数探析其时空演变和区域差异特征。结果表明:2011—2021年,中国国际性综合交通枢纽城市的生态交通效率总体发展较好,但未达到有效水平,从比较不同交通功能的枢纽城市来看,国际枢纽海港城市大于国际铁路枢纽城市大于国际航空枢纽城市;随着中国早期各类交通基础设施的提速建设和后期绿色低碳交通发展战略的逐步实施,总体生态交通效率先下降后上升,各城市间极化现象不稳定,但高效率值的城市增多;空间分布呈现西南-东北格局,具有从西南向东北集聚的趋势;沿海区域枢纽城市的效率整体高于内陆区域枢纽城市,总体区域差异和区域间差异均为先扩大后缩小,总体区域差异的主要根源在于区域内差异。

This study aims to explore the development stages and spatiotemporal characteristics of eco-transport efficiency within Chinese transport hub cities and to identify effective pathways for fostering green and low-carbon comprehensive transportation systems.A selection of 20 international integrated transport hub cities in China serves as the research subjects.The paper employs the super-efficiency EBM(Epsilon-Based Measure)model to calculate eco-transport efficiency and applies the kernel density estimation method,standard deviation ellipse method,and Dagum Gini coefficient to explore their characteristics of spatiotemporal evolution and regional difference.The findings reveal that,between 2011 and 2021,the overall eco-transport efficiency within the 20 hub cities showcased significant development but failed to reach an effective level.Comparison among hub cities based on their transport functions indicated a hierarchy of efficiency:seaport hub cities>railway hub cities>aviation hub cities.With the accelerated construction of various transport infrastructures in China's early stages and the gradual implementation of the green and low-carbon transport development strategy in the later stage,there is a fluctuation in overall eco-transport efficiency,initially decreasing and then increasing.Meanwhile,the polarization phenomenon among cities exhibited instability,but the number of cities with high-efficiency values was increasing.The spatial distribution presented a"Southwest-Northeast"pattern,agglomerating from the southwest toward the northeast.Coastal hub cities exhibited higher average efficiency compared to their inland hub cities,and the overall regional difference and inter-regional difference showed the same trend of first expanding and then narrowing.