湖南出土汉晋时期微雕动物形珠饰造型与材质溯源初考

Preliminary Study on the Provenance of Materials and Styles of Mico-Carved Animal-Shaped Ornaments from the Han to Jin Dynasties Unearthed in Hunan Province,China

一类个体微小,质地多样,以动植物、器物和吉祥符号为造型的微雕珠饰于西汉中期涌现。有别于形制简单的管、珠,这些复杂的微雕珠饰体现了更高的工艺水平、更丰富的审美情趣和吉祥崇拜内涵,但对此类珠饰的系统研究尚不充分。本文梳理并公布了一批湖南出土汉晋时期动物形微雕珠饰,部分样品使用拉曼光谱、X射线荧光光谱以及傅里叶变换红外光谱等科学手段加以表征。分析表明,这些微雕珠饰中既有直接从域外输入的;也可能有使用外来材料在本地加工制作的;还有以传统材料,制作出富有中国传统审美情趣的等几个类群。其中,海螺形、甲虫形和施蓝釉狮形几种形制较为特殊。这类微雕动物形珠饰,是在汉代之前的自然崇拜以及本土动物形玉石器审美基础上,吸收了外来审美风尚,通过材料使用、加工技术借鉴融合产生的产物,是中华文明包容融合,交流互鉴的生动体现。这类珠饰在湖南的出土,进一步说明该地在跨区域文化、物质传播中起到的重要作用。

Micro-carved ornaments,emerging in the later period of the Western Han Dynasty,are characterized by their small size and diverse materials.These ornaments depict a range of animals,plants,and auspicious symbols.In contrast to the simpler forms of tubes and beads,these intricate micro-carved ornaments exhibit superior craftsmanship,boasting a more refined aesthetic and symbolic significance in auspicious worship.However,systematic research on this type of ornament is still inadequate.This article compiles and presents a collection of animal-shaped micro-carved ornaments unearthed from Hunan,dating from Han to Jin dynasties.Some samples were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy,X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Scientific analysis has shown that a few ornaments may have been directly imported along the ancient Silk Road,while others seem to have been locally crafted from exotic materials.It is also possible that certain ornaments were made with traditional materials like nephrite,reflecting traditional Chinese aesthetics.Notably,the forms of conch,beetle,and blue-glazed quartz lion are particularly distinctive.These animal-shaped micro-carved ornaments,drawing from the reverence for nature and the local aesthetic tradition of animal-shaped jade artifacts pre-dating the Han Dynasty,assimilated foreign aesthetic trends and material usage,manifesting the assimilation and mastery of processing techniques.This embodiment reflects the integration and inclusiveness of Chinese civilization.The discovery of these ornaments in Hunan underscores the region’s crucial role in cross-regional cultural and material exchange.