糖脂代谢与精神分裂症发生发展及认知功能损害关系的研究进展

Research Progress on the Relationship between Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and the Occurrence,Development and Cognitive Impairment of Schizophrenia

精神分裂症是一种以妄想、幻觉、思维障碍和认知缺陷等为主要临床表现的精神疾病,病死率是普通人群的2~3倍,精神分裂症患者常伴有代谢异常,导致肥胖、血脂异常、心脑血管疾病、糖尿病等,由代谢异常导致的心血管疾病等是精神分裂症患者的主要死因,抗精神病药物也会增加代谢异常风险。糖脂代谢有其相对独立的代谢途径,在维持能量平衡的过程中相互调节,然而糖脂代谢异常在精神分裂症的病理生理中起着重要作用,异常代谢可能是疾病固有特征、疾病发展、不良生活方式的结果或者抗精神病药物的影响所致,其病理机制异常复杂,在器官、细胞、分子及基因等不同水平影响糖脂代谢,并且导致认知功能下降。

Schizophrenia is a type of mental illness characterized by delusions,hallucinations,mental disorders and cognitive deficits.The mortality rate is 2-3 times that of the general population.Schizophrenic patients are often accompanied by metabolic abnormalities,which lead to obesity,dyslipidemia,cardio cerebral vascular disease,diabetes,etc.Cardiovascular diseases caused by metabolic abnormalities are the main causes of death of schizophrenic patients,and antipsychotic drugs will also increase the risk of metabolic abnormalities.glucose and lipid metabolism have their own independent metabolic pathways,which regulate each other in the process of maintaining energy balance.However,abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism plays an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.Abnormal metabolism may be the result of intrinsic characteristics of the disease,the development of the disease,the consequences of an unhealthy lifestyle,or the influence of antipsychotic drugs.Its pathological mechanism is extremely complex,affecting glucose and lipid metabolism at different levels of organs,cells,molecules,and genes,and leading to cognitive decline.