氨甲环酸在老年髋部骨折患者围术期中的应用研究进展

Application Progress of Tranexamic Acid in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture during Perioperative Period

老年髋部骨折是骨科常见病、多发病,随着我国人口老龄化加剧,老年髋部骨折逐渐增多,治疗不及时容易致残,甚至危及生命。氨甲环酸(TXA)是一种抑制纤溶系统的药物,在老年股骨颈骨折、股骨转子间骨折等髋部骨折中的应用广泛,其可以降低或减少老年髋部骨折患者围术期输血率、输血量及异常血液指标,这可能与其参与机体炎症调控、降低血红素毒性、改善肺损伤等病理生理进程相关。本文就TXA在老年髋部骨折围术期中的应用及其可能机制作一综述,以期为其临床应用提供参考。

Hip fracture in the elderly is a common and frequently occurring disease in orthopedics.With the aging of the population in China,the number of elderly patients with hip fracture is gradually increasing.Untimely treatment may lead to disability and even endanger life.Tranexamic acid(TXA)is a drug that inhibits fibrinolysis system.It is widely used in hip fractures such as femoral neck fractures and intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly.It can reduce the perioperative blood transfusion rate,blood transfusion volume and abnormal blood indicators of hip fractures in the elderly,which may be related to its involvement in the regulation of body inflammation,reduction of heme toxicity,improvement of lung injury and other pathophysiological processes.This article reviews the application progress of TXA in the perioperative period of hip fracture in the elderly and its possible mechanism,so as to provide reference for its clinical application.