生物炭基肥对水稻土理化性质、作物产量及化肥减量的影响

Effects of biochar-based fertilizer on physical and chemical properties of paddy soil,crop yield,and fertilizer reduction

化肥的长时间偏施是耕地土壤退化的重要因素,为探讨生物炭基肥对农田土壤-水稻系统的影响,本研究基于长期单作的水稻田,以水稻为供试材料,设置5个处理,探究水稻土壤理化性质、水稻产量及化肥施用量对生物炭基肥施入的响应。结果表明,生物炭基肥能改善土壤理化性质。其中,BC处理能有效提高土壤pH值,OBF处理对土壤有机质及磷含量的提升效果较好,OIBF处理有助于提升土壤中的氮及钾含量,IBF处理则对土壤中有效态中量元素的增加更有利。同时,炭基肥的施入能提高水稻产量。结果显示,经OIBF处理,水稻的单穗最重,穗实粒数最多,结实率最高,相应的理论产量也最高,达9 915 kg·hm^(-2)。炭基肥的施入降低了化肥用量。综合而言,炭基肥的施入能有效改善肥料偏施带来的土壤退化,及后续的作物产量问题,而有机无机炭基肥的配施效果最理想。

In order to explore the effects of biochar-based fertilizer on the soil-rice system of farmland,this study was based on long-term monoculture paddy field,using rice as the test material,and setting up five treatments to explore the responses of soil physicochemical properties,rice yield and fertilizer application rate to biochar-based fertilizer application.The results showed that biochar-based fertilizer could improve soil physicochemical properties.Among them,BC treatment could effectively increase soil pH value,OBF treatment had a better effect on soil organic matter and phosphorus content,OIBF treatment could help increase soil nitrogen and potassium content,and IBF treatment was more beneficial to increase the available medium elements in soil.At the same time,the application of carbon-based fertilizer can improve rice yield.The results showed that the single panicle of rice was the heaviest,the highest number of grains per panicle,the highest seed setting rate,and the corresponding theoretical yield of 9 915 kg·hm~(-2) after OIBF treatment.The application of carbon-based fertilizers reduced the amount of chemical fertilizers.In general,the application of carbon-based fertilizer can effectively improve the soil degradation caused by partial fertilizer application and the subsequent crop yield problem,while the combined application effect of organic and inorganic carbon-based fertilizer is the most ideal.