适宜北京大面积推广的冬小麦品种筛选

Selection of winter wheat varieties suitable for wide extension in Beijing

为解决北京小麦生产上种植品种多、乱、杂的问题,在密云、顺义、房山3点开展了10个节水、优质、高产小麦新品种筛选试验。结果表明:农大3486、中麦1062在3点产量均显著高于其他品种,分别为7500.0~9667.5和7666.5~9834.0 kg·hm^(-2)。这2个品种株高适中,分别为70.3~75.5和72.4~77.4 cm;抗寒性较好,越冬死苗率分别为0.5%~2.0%、1.8%~2.2%,死茎率分别为4.0%~4.7%、4.0%~10.0%;越冬和返青期单株干物重较高,今后可在京郊大面积种植。华麦18在密云、中麦886在房山的产量表现与农大3486、中麦1062差异不显著,这2个品种株高适宜,分别为72.1和75.3 cm;抗寒性较好,死苗率分别为3.0%和1.2%,死茎率分别为4.0%和8.5%,今后可多点示范种植,明确其丰产、稳产性。

In order to solve the problems of multiple,random and miscellaneous varieties planted in Beijing wheat production,10 new wheat varieties with water saving,high quality and high yield were screened at three locations in Miyun,Shunyi and Fangshan District.The results showed that the yield of Nongda 3486 and Zhongmai 1062 were significantly higher than that of other varieties at three points,with the yield ranging from 7 500.0 to 9 667.5 and 7 666.5 to 9 834.2 kg·hm~(-2),respectively.The plant height of the two cultivars were moderate,ranging from 70.3 to 75.5 cm and 72.4 to 77.4 cm,respectively,and their cold resistance were good,with the death rate of overwintering seedlings being 0.5%-2.0%,1.8%-2.2%,and the death rate of stem being 4.0%-4.7%,4.0%-10.0%,respectively.The dry weight of single plant was higher before overwintering and during turning green period of the two varieties,and they could be planted in large area in Beijing suburbs in the future.The yield performance of Huamai 18 in Miyun District and Zhongmai 886 in Fangshan District were not significantly different from that of Nongda 3486 and Zhongmai 1062.The rate of dead seedling and stem were 3.0% and 1.2%,4.0% and 8.5%,respectively.The high and stable yield could be confirmed by demonstration planting in future.