高通量测序技术在药用植物微生物多样性研究中的应用进展

Application of high-throughput sequencing technology in the study of microbial diversity of medicinal plants

药用植物一直以来是产生天然产物的一个丰富的资源库,具有广阔的医疗、药用前景,而药用植物有益微生物对其生长发育,抵抗胁迫和次级代谢产物合成积累具有显著影响。由于目前药用植物受到采摘过度和生存环境遭到破坏等限制因素的影响,导致野生药材资源匮乏,所以只能通过人工种植和培育获取大量的药用植物资源,但人工培育不能模拟野生药材真实的生长环境。研究表明,要提高药用植物的产量、品质以及实现药用植物有益微生物的应用潜力,研究药用植物微生物是十分必要的。高通量测序技术已经极大地改变了药用植物微生物研究的多个领域。研究者利用高通量测序技术探索药用植物微生物多样性成为比较热门的领域。本文通过相关文献的归纳整理,综述了近年来高通量测序技术在药用植物微生物物种多样性、结构多样性、功能多样性和遗传(基因)多样性4个方面应用的研究进展,并且对高通量测序技术在其应用中存在的问题和发展趋势进行了总结和展望,为后续对药用植物微生物多样性的认识和理解提供参考。

Medicinal plants have always been a rich resource pool for producing natural products,which have broad medical and medicinal prospects.Beneficial microorganisms of medicinal plants have significant effects on their growth and development,stress resistance,synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites.Due to the limited factors such as excessive picking and destruction of living environment of medicinal plants,the resources of wild medicinal materials are scarce.Therefore,a large number of medicinal plant resources can only be obtained through artificial cultivation and cultivation,but artificial cultivation cannot simulate the real growing environment of wild medicinal materials.Studies have shown that to improve the yield and quality of medicinal plants and realize the application potential of beneficial microorganisms of medicinal plants,it is very necessary to study medicinal plant microorganisms.High-throughput sequencing technology has greatly changed many areas of research on medicinal plant microorganisms.It has become a hot field for researchers to explore the microbial diversity of medicinal plants using high-throughput sequencing technology.In this paper,through the summary of relevant literature,the research progress of the application of high-throughput sequencing technology in four aspects of microbial species diversity,structural diversity,functional diversity and genetic(gene) diversity of medicinal plants in recent years was reviewed,and the existing problems and development trends of high-throughput sequencing technology in its application were summarized and prospected.It provides reference for our subsequent understanding of microbial diversity of medicinal plants.