中国企业中间品全球采购的福利效应——基于企业异质性与国内生产网络的视角

The Welfare Effects of Chinese Firms.Global Sourcing of Intermediate Goods——From the Perspective of Firm Heterogeneity and Domestic Production Networks

中间品全球采购是进口贸易的主要组成部分,也是中国企业参与全球价值链的重要方式。本文通过构建包含国内生产网络的异质性企业模型,分别在企业、行业和国家层面测算了中间品全球采购的福利效应。研究发现:(1)制造业和中国整体中间品全球采购的福利效应分别为1.212%和0.836%,忽略企业异质性和国内生产网络的加总模型会高估中间品全球采购的福利效应。因此,本文构建的包含企业异质性和国内生产网络的理论模型能够更准确地量化评估中间品全球采购的福利效应。(2)中国各行业中间品全球采购的福利效应差异较大,其中高科技行业整体的福利效应较大,特别是通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业的福利效应高达2.428%,而食品制造及烟草加工业的福利效应仅为0.640%。(3)中间品全球采购的福利效应在中国各省份间存在显著差异,东部地区福利效应显著高于中西部地区,这主要是由于当前中国产业过度集聚在东部地区,中西部地区产业结构不完善。该研究结论对于降低空间发展不平等和实现开放成果全民共享具有重要政策含义。(4)基于二元边际视角的反事实模拟发现,企业中间品全球采购的集约边际和扩展边际变化是消费者福利提升的两个重要渠道。本文为准确评估中间品全球采购的福利效应以及深入理解贸易二元边际的影响提供了一个新的分析视角。

Global sourcing of intermediate inputs constitutes a crucial aspect of Chinese trade and represents a significant participation pattern of Chinese firms within global value chains.By integrating a heterogeneous firm model including the domestic production networks,this paper quantifies the welfare effects of global sourcing of intermediate inputs at the firm,industry,and national levels respectively.The results reveal:firstly,the welfare effects of global sourcing of intermediate inputs stand at 1.212%for the manufacturing industry and 0.836%for China as a whole.Aggregate models that ignore firm heterogeneity and the domestic production networks tend to overestimate these welfare effects.Therefore,the theoretical model with firm heterogeneity and domestic production networks constructed in our paper is more accurate for quantifying the welfare effects of global sourcing of intermediate inputs.Secondly,distinct industries in China exhibit notable variations in the welfare effects of global sourcing of intermediate inputs.The high-tech industry displays substantial overall gains,especially in sectors like communication equipment,computer,and other electronic equipment manufacturing,experiencing gains as high as 2.428%.In contrast,the food manufacturing and tobacco processing industry shows modest gains of only 0.640%.Thirdly,there are significant differences in the welfare gains of global sourcing of intermediate inputs across various Chinese provinces.The eastern region demonstrates significantly higher gains compared to the central and western regions,largely due to the current concentrated industrial spatial distribution in China's east and the imperfect industrial structure in the central and western regions.The findings provide important policy implications for reducing spatial inequality and ensuring that the public share the benefits of opening-up.Finally,employing counterfactual simulations from a dual margin perspective reveals that changes in the intensive and extensive margins of global sourcing of intermediate inputs serve as important channels for realizing welfare gains.This paper provides a novel analytical perspective for accurately assessing the welfare gains of global sourcing of intermediate goods and deeper insights into the effects of trade dual margins.